+check "$expected" "$stored_contents" 'keep first'
+
+# check -outfile and -noverbose
+run_prog mhstore 5 -noverbose -outfile "$actual" >"$actual_err" 2>&1
+printf '' >"$expected_err"
+check "$expected" "$actual" 'keep first'
+check "$expected_err" "$actual_err"
+
+# check -outfile -
+printf '%s\n' 'storing message 5 to stdout' >>"$expected"
+run_prog mhstore 5 -outfile - >"$actual" 2>&1
+check "$expected" "$actual"