lock_file.c: close(2) file descriptor on failure, avoiding leak.

[nmh] / man / mhstore.man

diff --git a/man/mhstore.man b/man/mhstore.man
index f205482a7ade0fc3ccef5c6919fa596405cc2674..ac66b86bd61cb1840dac570fcab53d2de03dd788 100644 (file)
--- a/man/mhstore.man
+++ b/man/mhstore.man
@@ -1,13 +1,15 @@
-.TH MHSTORE %manext1% "March 21, 2013" "%nmhversion%"
-.\"
+.TH MHSTORE %manext1% 2015-02-06 "%nmhversion%"
+.

 .\" %nmhwarning%
 .\" %nmhwarning%

-.\"
+.

 .SH NAME
 .SH NAME

-mhstore \- store contents of MIME messages into files
+mhstore \- store contents of nmh MIME messages into files

 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .HP 5
 .na
 .B mhstore
 .SH SYNOPSIS
 .HP 5
 .na
 .B mhstore

+.RB [ \-help ]
+.RB [ \-version ]

 .RI [ +folder ]
 .RI [ msgs ]
 .RB [ \-file
 .RI [ +folder ]
 .RI [ msgs ]
 .RB [ \-file


@@ -20,6 +22,10 @@ mhstore \- store contents of MIME messages into files
 .RB [ \-type
 .IR content ]
 \&...
 .RB [ \-type
 .IR content ]
 \&...

+.RB [ \-prefer
+.IR content ]
+\&...
+.RB [ \-noprefer ]

 .RB [ \-auto " | " \-noauto ]
 .RB [ \-clobber
 .IR always " | " auto " | " suffix " | " ask " | " never ]
 .RB [ \-auto " | " \-noauto ]
 .RB [ \-clobber
 .IR always " | " auto " | " suffix " | " ask " | " never ]


@@ -28,72 +34,84 @@ mhstore \- store contents of MIME messages into files
 .RB [ \-wcache
 .IR policy ]
 .RB [ \-check " | " \-nocheck ]
 .RB [ \-wcache
 .IR policy ]
 .RB [ \-check " | " \-nocheck ]

-.RB [ \-version ]
-.RB [ \-help ]
+.RB [ \-verbose " | " \-noverbose ]

 .ad
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 The
 .B mhstore
 .ad
 .SH DESCRIPTION
 The
 .B mhstore

-command allows you to store the contents of a
-collection of MIME (multi-media) messages into files or other
-messages.
+command allows you to store the contents of a collection of MIME
+(multi-media) messages into files or other messages.

 .PP
 .B mhstore
 .PP
 .B mhstore

-manipulates multi-media messages as specified in
-RFC\-2045 to RFC\-2049.
+manipulates multi-media messages as specified in RFC 2045 to RFC 2049.

 .PP
 By default,
 .B mhstore
 will store all the parts of each message.
 .PP
 By default,
 .B mhstore
 will store all the parts of each message.

-Each part will be store in a separate file.  The header fields of
+Each part will be stored in a separate file.  The header fields of

 the message are not stored.  By using the
 the message are not stored.  By using the

-.B \-part
+.BR \-part ,
+.BR \-type ,

 and
 and

-.B \-type
-switches, you may limit the scope of
-.B mhstore
-to particular
-subparts (of a multipart content) and/or particular content types.
+.B \-prefer
+switches, you may limit and reorder the set of parts to be stored,
+based on part number and/or content type.

 .PP
 The
 .B \-file
 .I file
 switch directs
 .B mhstore
 .PP
 The
 .B \-file
 .I file
 switch directs
 .B mhstore

-to use the specified
-file as the source message, rather than a message from a folder.
-If you specify this file as \*(lq-\*(rq, then
+to use the specified file as the source message, rather than a message
+from a folder.  If you specify this file as \*(lq-\*(rq, then

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will
-accept the source message on the standard input.  Note that the
-file, or input from standard input should be a validly formatted
+will accept the source message on the standard input.  Note that the
+file, or input from standard input, should be a validly formatted

 message, just like any other
 .B nmh
 message.  It should
 message, just like any other
 .B nmh
 message.  It should

-.B NOT
-be in mail drop format (to convert a file in mail drop format to
-a folder of
+.I not
+be in mail drop format (to convert a file in
+mail drop format to a folder of

 .B nmh
 messages, see
 .IR inc (1)).
 .PP
 A part specification consists of a series of numbers separated by
 dots.  For example, in a multipart content containing three parts,
 .B nmh
 messages, see
 .IR inc (1)).
 .PP
 A part specification consists of a series of numbers separated by
 dots.  For example, in a multipart content containing three parts,

-these would be named as 1, 2, and 3, respectively.  If part 2 was
-also a multipart content containing two parts, these would be named
-as 2.1 and 2.2, respectively.  Note that the
+these would be named as 1, 2, and 3, respectively.  If part 2 was also
+a multipart content containing two parts, these would be named as 2.1
+and 2.2, respectively.  Note that the

 .B \-part
 .B \-part

-switch is
-effective for only messages containing a multipart content.  If a
-message has some other kind of content, or if the part is itself
+switch is effective only for messages containing a multipart content.
+If a message has some other kind of content, or if the part is itself

 another multipart content, the
 .B \-part
 another multipart content, the
 .B \-part

-switch will not prevent
-the content from being acted upon.
+switch will not prevent the content from being acted upon.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-type
+switch can also be used to restrict (or, when used in conjunction with
+.BR \-part ,
+to further restrict) the selection of parts according to content type.
+One or more
+.B \-type
+switches part will only select the first match from a
+multipart/alternative, even if there is more than one
+subpart that matches (one of) the given content type(s).
+.PP
+Using either
+.B \-part
+or
+.B -type
+switches alone will cause either to select the part(s) they match.
+Using them together will select only the part(s) matched by both
+(sets of) switches.  In other words, the result is the intersection,
+and not the union, of their separate match results.

 .PP
 A content specification consists of a content type and a subtype.
 .PP
 A content specification consists of a content type and a subtype.

-The initial list of \*(lqstandard\*(rq content types and subtypes
-can be found in RFC\-2046.
+The initial list of \*(lqstandard\*(rq content types and subtypes can
+be found in RFC 2046.

 .PP
 A list of commonly used contents is briefly reproduced here:
 .PP
 .PP
 A list of commonly used contents is briefly reproduced here:
 .PP


@@ -119,41 +137,67 @@ of the content, e.g., \*(lqaudio\*(rq.  To specify a specific
 subtype, separate the two with a slash, e.g., \*(lqaudio/basic\*(rq.
 Note that regardless of the values given to the
 .B \-type
 subtype, separate the two with a slash, e.g., \*(lqaudio/basic\*(rq.
 Note that regardless of the values given to the
 .B \-type

-switch,
-a multipart content (of any subtype listed above) is always acted
+switch, a multipart content (of any subtype listed above) is always acted

 upon.  Further note that if the
 .B \-type
 upon.  Further note that if the
 .B \-type

-switch is used, and it is
-desirable to act on a message/external-body content, then the
+switch is used, and it is desirable to act on a message/external-body
+content, then the

 .B \-type
 .B \-type

-switch must be used twice: once for message/external-body
-and once for the content externally referenced.
+switch must be used twice: once for message/external-body and once for
+the content externally referenced.
+.PP
+The
+.B \-prefer
+switch will alter the part-ordering of multipart/alternative MIME sections
+in order to override the sender-imposed default ordering.
+The
+.B \-prefer
+switch is functionally most important for
+.BR mhshow ,
+but is also implemented in
+.B mhlist
+and
+.B mhstore
+to make common part-numbering possible across all three programs.
+The last of multiple
+.B \-prefer
+switches will have the highest priority.  This allows the command line
+switches to override profile entries.
+See
+.IR mhlist (1)
+and
+.IR mhshow (1)
+for more information on
+.BR \-prefer .
+.PP
+The
+.B \-noprefer
+switch will cancel any previous
+.B \-prefer
+switches.

 .SS "Checking the Contents"
 The
 .B \-check
 switch tells
 .B mhstore
 .SS "Checking the Contents"
 The
 .B \-check
 switch tells
 .B mhstore

-to check each content for
-an integrity checksum.  If a content has such a checksum (specified
-as a Content-MD5 header field), then
+to check each content for an integrity checksum.
+If a content has such a checksum (specified as a Content-MD5 header
+field), then

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will attempt to
-verify the integrity of the content.
+will attempt to verify the integrity of the content.

 .SS "Storing the Contents"
 .SS "Storing the Contents"

-The

 .B mhstore
 will store the contents of the named messages in
 \*(lqnative\*(rq (decoded) format.  Two things must be determined:
 .B mhstore
 will store the contents of the named messages in
 \*(lqnative\*(rq (decoded) format.  Two things must be determined:

-the directory to store the content, and the filenames.  Files are
-written in the directory given by the \*(lqnmh-storage\*(rq profile
-entry, e.g.,
+the directory in which to store the content, and the filenames.
+Files are written in the directory given by the
+\*(lqnmh-storage\*(rq profile entry, e.g.,

 .PP
 .RS 5
 nmh-storage: /tmp
 .RE
 .PP
 .PP
 .RS 5
 nmh-storage: /tmp
 .RE
 .PP

-If this entry isn't present,
-the current working directory is used.
+If this entry isn't present, the current working directory is used.

 .PP
 If the
 .B \-outfile
 .PP
 If the
 .B \-outfile


@@ -169,24 +213,20 @@ specified as the \*(lqfilename\*(rq attribute in the
 attribute in the \*(lqContent-Type\*(rq header for the content you are
 storing.  For security reasons, this filename will be ignored if it
 begins with the character '/', '.', '|', or '!', or if it contains the
 attribute in the \*(lqContent-Type\*(rq header for the content you are
 storing.  For security reasons, this filename will be ignored if it
 begins with the character '/', '.', '|', or '!', or if it contains the

-character '%'.  For the sake of security, this switch is not the
-default, and it is recommended that you do NOT put the
-.B \-auto
-switch in your
-.I \&.mh\(ruprofile
-file.
+character '%'.  We also recommend using a \*(lqnmh-storage\*(rq profile
+entry or a
+.B \-clobber
+switch setting other than the default of \*(lqalways\*(rq to avoid
+overwriting existing files.

 .PP
 If the
 .B \-auto
 .PP
 If the
 .B \-auto

-switch is not given (or is being ignored for security
-reasons) then
+switch is not given (or is being ignored for security reasons) then

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will look in the user's profile for a
-\*(lqformatting string\*(rq to determine how the different contents
-should be stored.  First,
+will look in the user's profile for a \*(lqformatting string\*(rq to
+determine how the different contents should be stored.  First,

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will look for an entry of
-the form:
+will look for an entry of the form:

 .PP
 .RS 5
 mhstore-store-<type>/<subtype>
 .PP
 .RS 5
 mhstore-store-<type>/<subtype>


@@ -210,17 +250,19 @@ folder.
 If the formatting string consists solely of a \*(lq-\*(rq character,
 then the content is sent to the standard output.
 .PP
 If the formatting string consists solely of a \*(lq-\*(rq character,
 then the content is sent to the standard output.
 .PP

-If the formatting string starts with a '|', then the display string
-will represent a command for
+If the formatting string starts with a '|', then it represents
+a command for

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-to execute which should
-ultimately store the content.  The content will be passed to the
-standard input of the command.  Before the command is executed,
+to execute which should ultimately store the content.
+The content will be passed to the standard input of the command.
+Before the command is executed,

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will change to the appropriate directory, and any
-escapes (given below) in the display string will be expanded.
+will change to the appropriate directory, and any escapes (given below)
+in the formatting string will be expanded.
+The use of the \*(lq%a\*(rq sequence is not recommended because
+the user has no control over the Content-Type parameter data.

 .PP
 .PP

-Otherwise the formatting string will represent a pathname in which
+Otherwise, the formatting string will represent a pathname in which

 to store the content.  If the formatting string starts with a '/',
 then the content will be stored in the full path given, else the
 file name will be relative to the value of \*(lqnmh-storage\*(rq or
 to store the content.  If the formatting string starts with a '/',
 then the content will be stored in the full path given, else the
 file name will be relative to the value of \*(lqnmh-storage\*(rq or


@@ -236,7 +278,7 @@ listed above) content, the p-escapes are ignored.
 .RS 5
 .nf
 .ta \w'%P  'u
 .RS 5
 .nf
 .ta \w'%P  'u

-%a     Parameters from Content-type  (only valid with command)
+%a     Parameters from Content-Type  (only valid with command)

 %m     Insert message number
 %P     Insert part number with leading dot
 %p     Insert part number without leading dot
 %m     Insert message number
 %P     Insert part number with leading dot
 %p     Insert part number without leading dot


@@ -248,15 +290,13 @@ listed above) content, the p-escapes are ignored.
 .PP
 If no formatting string is found,
 .B mhstore
 .PP
 If no formatting string is found,
 .B mhstore

-will check to see
-if the content is application/octet-stream with parameter
+will check to see if the content is application/octet-stream with parameter

 \*(lqtype=tar\*(rq.  If so,
 .B mhstore
 \*(lqtype=tar\*(rq.  If so,
 .B mhstore

-will choose an appropriate
-filename.  If the content is not application/octet-stream, then
+will choose an appropriate filename.  If the content is not
+application/octet-stream, then

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will check to see if the content is a message.  If
-so,
+will check to see if the content is a message.  If so,

 .B mhstore
 will use the value \*(lq+\*(rq.  As a last resort,
 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore
 will use the value \*(lq+\*(rq.  As a last resort,
 .B mhstore


@@ -275,6 +315,14 @@ mhstore-store-application/PostScript: %m%P.ps
 .fi
 .RE
 .PP
 .fi
 .RE
 .PP

+The
+.B \-verbose
+switch directs
+.B mhstore
+to print out the names of files that it stores.  For backward
+compatibility, it is the default.  The
+.B \-noverbose
+switch suppresses these printouts.

 .SS "Overwriting Existing Files"
 The
 .B \-clobber
 .SS "Overwriting Existing Files"
 The
 .B \-clobber


@@ -321,12 +369,12 @@ will be the number of files that were requested but not stored.
 .PP
 With
 .IR ask ,
 .PP
 With
 .IR ask ,

-if standard input is connected to a terminal,
-the user is prompted to respond
+if standard input is connected to a terminal, the user is prompted to
+respond

 .IR yes ,
 .IR no ,
 or
 .IR yes ,
 .IR no ,
 or

-.I rename
+.IR rename ,

 to whether the file should be overwritten.  The responses
 can be abbreviated.  If the user responds with
 .IR rename ,
 to whether the file should be overwritten.  The responses
 can be abbreviated.  If the user responds with
 .IR rename ,


@@ -348,14 +396,14 @@ split into multiple messages of type \*(lqmessage/partial\*(rq.
 .PP
 When asked to store a content containing a partial message,
 .B mhstore
 .PP
 When asked to store a content containing a partial message,
 .B mhstore

-will try to locate all of the portions and combine
-them accordingly.  The default is to store the combined parts as
-a new message in the current folder, although this can be changed
-using formatting strings as discussed above.  Thus, if someone has
-sent you a message in several parts (such as the output from
+will try to locate all of the portions and combine them accordingly.
+The default is to store the combined parts as a new message in the
+current folder, although this can be changed using formatting
+strings as discussed above.  Thus, if someone has sent you a
+message in several parts (such as the output from

 .BR sendfiles ),
 .BR sendfiles ),

-you can easily reassemble them all into a single
-message in the following fashion:
+you can easily reassemble them into a single message in the
+following fashion:

 .PP
 .RS 5
 .nf
 .PP
 .RS 5
 .nf


@@ -380,16 +428,14 @@ This will store exactly one message, containing the sum of the
 parts.  It doesn't matter whether the partials are specified in
 order, since
 .B mhstore
 parts.  It doesn't matter whether the partials are specified in
 order, since
 .B mhstore

-will sort the partials, so that they
-are combined in the correct order.  But if
+will sort the partials, so that they are combined in the correct
+order.  But if

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-can not
-locate every partial necessary to reassemble the message, it will
-not store anything.
+can not locate every partial necessary to reassemble the message,
+it will not store anything.

 .SS "External Access"
 For contents of type message/external-body,
 \fImhstore\fR supports these access-types:
 .SS "External Access"
 For contents of type message/external-body,
 \fImhstore\fR supports these access-types:

-.PP

 .IP \(bu 4
 afs
 .IP \(bu 4
 .IP \(bu 4
 afs
 .IP \(bu 4


@@ -435,13 +481,13 @@ For the \*(lqurl\*(rq access types,
 will look for the \*(lqnmh-access-url\*(rq profile entry, e.g.,
 .PP
 .RS 5
 will look for the \*(lqnmh-access-url\*(rq profile entry, e.g.,
 .PP
 .RS 5

-nmh-access-url: curl -l
+nmh-access-url: curl -L

 .RE
 .PP
 to determine the program to use to perform the HTTP retrieval.  This program
 is invoked with one argument: the URL of the content to retrieve.  The program
 .RE
 .PP
 to determine the program to use to perform the HTTP retrieval.  This program
 is invoked with one argument: the URL of the content to retrieve.  The program

-should write the content to standard out, and should terminate with a status of zero if the retrieval is successful and a non\-zero exit status otherwise.
-.PP
+should write the content to standard out, and should terminate with a status
+of zero if the retrieval is successful and a non-zero exit status otherwise.

 .SS "The Content Cache"
 When
 .B mhstore
 .SS "The Content Cache"
 When
 .B mhstore


@@ -457,19 +503,17 @@ is controlled with the
 .B \-rcache
 and
 .B \-wcache
 .B \-rcache
 and
 .B \-wcache

-switches, which define the policy for reading from,
-and writing to, the cache, respectively.  One of four policies may be
+switches, which define the policy for reading from, and writing to, the cache,
+respectively.  One of four policies may be

 specified: \*(lqpublic\*(rq, indicating that
 .B mhstore
 should make use
 specified: \*(lqpublic\*(rq, indicating that
 .B mhstore
 should make use

-of a publically-accessible content cache; \*(lqprivate\*(rq, indicating
-that
+of a publicly-accessible content cache; \*(lqprivate\*(rq, indicating that

 .B mhstore
 should make use of the user's private content cache;
 \*(lqnever\*(rq, indicating that
 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore
 should make use of the user's private content cache;
 \*(lqnever\*(rq, indicating that
 .B mhstore

-should never make use of
-caching; and, \*(lqask\*(rq, indicating that
+should never make use of caching; and, \*(lqask\*(rq, indicating that

 .B mhstore
 should ask the user.
 .PP
 .B mhstore
 should ask the user.
 .PP


@@ -495,29 +539,46 @@ nmh-private-cache: .cache
 .PP
 (which is the default value).
 .SS "User Environment"
 .PP
 (which is the default value).
 .SS "User Environment"

-Because the display environment in which
+Because the environment in which

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-operates may vary for
-different machines,
+operates may vary for different machines,

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will look for the environment variable
-.BR $MHSTORE .
-If present, this specifies the name of an additional
-user profile which should be read.  Hence, when a user logs in on a
-particular machine, this environment variable should be set to
-refer to a file containing definitions useful for that machine.
-Finally,
+will look for the environment variable MHSTORE .
+If present, this specifies the name of an additional user profile
+which should be read.  Hence, when a user logs in on a particular
+machine, this environment variable should be set to refer to a
+file containing definitions useful for that machine.  Finally,

 .B mhstore
 .B mhstore

-will attempt to consult one other additional
-user profile, e.g.,
+will attempt to consult

 .PP
 .RS 5
 .PP
 .RS 5

-%etcdir%/mhn.defaults
+%nmhetcdir%/mhn.defaults

 .RE
 .PP
 which is created automatically during
 .B nmh
 installation.
 .RE
 .PP
 which is created automatically during
 .B nmh
 installation.

+.PP
+See "Profile Lookup" in
+.IR mh-profile (5)
+for the profile search order, and for how duplicate entries are treated.
+.SH EXAMPLES
+.SS Decoding RFC 2047-encoded file names
+The improper RFC 2047 encoding of file name parameters can be replaced
+with correct RFC 2231 encoding using
+.BR mhfixmsg ,
+either permanently or ephemerally, e.g.,
+.PP
+.RS
+.nf
+mhfixmsg -outfile - | mhstore -auto -clobber ask -file -
+.fi
+.RE
+.PP
+The
+.BI \-clobber ask
+is not necessary, though recommended to avoid silently overwriting an existing
+file.

 .SH FILES
 .B mhstore
 looks for additional profile files in multiple locations: absolute
 .SH FILES
 .B mhstore
 looks for additional profile files in multiple locations: absolute


@@ -525,15 +586,15 @@ pathnames are accessed directly, tilde expansion is done on usernames,
 and files are searched for in the user's
 .I Mail
 directory as specified in their profile.  If not found there, the directory
 and files are searched for in the user's
 .I Mail
 directory as specified in their profile.  If not found there, the directory

-.RI \*(lq %etcdir% \*(rq
+.RI \*(lq %nmhetcdir% \*(rq

 is checked.
 .PP
 .fc ^ ~
 .nf
 is checked.
 .PP
 .fc ^ ~
 .nf

-.ta \w'%etcdir%/ExtraBigFileName  'u
-^$HOME/\&.mh\(ruprofile~^The user profile
+.ta \w'%nmhetcdir%/ExtraBigFileName  'u
+^$HOME/.mh_profile~^The user profile

 ^$MHSTORE~^Additional profile entries
 ^$MHSTORE~^Additional profile entries

-^%etcdir%/mhn.defaults~^System default MIME profile entries
+^%nmhetcdir%/mhn.defaults~^System default MIME profile entries

 .fi
 .SH "PROFILE COMPONENTS"
 .fc ^ ~
 .fi
 .SH "PROFILE COMPONENTS"
 .fc ^ ~


@@ -551,6 +612,7 @@ is checked.
 .fi
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .IR mhbuild (1),
 .fi
 .SH "SEE ALSO"
 .IR mhbuild (1),

+.IR mhfixmsg (1),

 .IR mhlist (1),
 .IR mhshow (1),
 .IR sendfiles (1)
 .IR mhlist (1),
 .IR mhshow (1),
 .IR sendfiles (1)


@@ -563,6 +625,7 @@ is checked.
 .RB ` \-nocheck '
 .RB ` \-rcache\ ask '
 .RB ` \-wcache\ ask '
 .RB ` \-nocheck '
 .RB ` \-rcache\ ask '
 .RB ` \-wcache\ ask '

+.RB ` \-verbose '

 .SH CONTEXT
 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The last
 message selected will become the current message.
 .SH CONTEXT
 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The last
 message selected will become the current message.