]> diplodocus.org Git - nmh/blob - docs/historical/tutorial.txt
Added mhshow-suffix-text entry.
[nmh] / docs / historical / tutorial.txt
1
2
3
4
5 The Rand MH Message Handling System:
6
7
8
9 Tutorial
10
11
12 Marshall T. Rosey
13
14 Jerry N. Sweetz
15
16 Wed May 21 21:04:08 PDT 1986
17
18
19
20 Abstract
21
22
23 This document introduces the UCI version of the Rand MH
24
25 system to novice users. In particular, this tutorial discusses
26
27 how to read, send, reply to, and review mail; aspects of the
28
29 MH user profile affecting these activities; and other reference
30
31 works on MH.
32
33
34 Although this document is based on the standard MH
35
36 user manual[MRose85a], this document is meant to supple-
37
38 ment, not supersede, that lengthier work.
39
40
41 Comments concerning this documentation should be ad-
42
43 dressed to the Internet mailbox Bug-MH@ICS.UCI.EDU.
44
45
46
47 _____________________________________
48 Computer Mail: y MRose@NRTC.NORTHROP.COM, z JSweet@ICS.UCI.EDU.
49 \f
50
51 The Rand MH Message Handling System:
52
53
54
55 Tutorial
56
57
58
59 Acknowledgements
60
61 The MH system described herein is based on the original Rand MH system.
62
63 It has been extensively developed (perhaps too much so) by Marshall Rose and
64
65 John Romine at the University of California, Irvine. Einar Stefferud, Jerry Sweet,
66
67 and Terry Domae provided numerous suggestions to improve the UCI version of
68
69 MH.
70
71
72 Parts of this document are taken from a Rand tutorial [SPayn85] by Sue
73
74 Payne.
75
76
77
78 Disclaimer
79
80 The Regents of the University of California issue the following disclaimer
81
82 concerning the UCI version of MH:
83
84
85
86 "Although each program has been tested by its contributor, no warranty, express or
87 implied, is made by the contributor or the University of California, as to the accuracy
88 and functioning of the program and related program material, nor shall the fact of
89 distribution constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the
90 contributor or the University of California in connection herewith."
91
92
93
94 Scope
95
96 This document assumes that you have no knowledge of MH. However, to use
97
98 MH you should have some familiarity with the UNIX1 operating system, particularly
99
100 with the way commands are given, how files are named, the jargon (e.g. shell,
101
102 argument, home directory, pathname), and how to use a text editor (such as ex, vi,
103
104 or emacs ).
105
106
107 This tutorial covers only basic material. For additional information about
108
109 MH, consult the User's Manual [MRose85a]. Other documents of possible interest
110
111 to you include The UCI BBoards Facility [MRose84] and the MH Administrator's
112
113 Guide [MRose85b].
114
115
116
117 _____________________________________
118 1 UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.
119
120
121
122 1
123 \f 2
124
125
126 How To Use This Tutorial
127
128 Different typefaces and symbols are used in this document to denote the
129
130 kinds of things you (the user) must type on your keyboard.
131
132
133 1. The names of programs are given in text italics:
134
135
136 comp
137
138
139 2. Arguments to programs are given in typewriter style, delimited by
140
141 single-quotes:
142
143
144 `msgs'
145
146
147 3. UNIX pathnames are given in slanted roman:
148
149
150 /usr/uci/
151
152
153 4. Text giving a full example is presented in typewriter style:
154
155
156 comp -editor vi
157
158
159 The " " glyph is used to indicate an explicit space (the kind you make
160
161 with the space bar on your keyboard).
162
163
164
165 Introduction
166
167 With MH you can send messages to other people on your system and read
168
169 messages that other people send to you. Depending on how things have been
170
171 set up on your system, it may be possible for you to send messages to people on
172
173 remote systems. You can also reply to messages that you have received, review
174
175 them, organize them in folders, and delete them.
176
177
178 MH differs from other mail programs in that it is composed of many small
179
180 programs instead of just one very large program. Among new users this sometimes
181
182 causes some confusion along the lines of "what program do I run?" With MH, you
183
184 use the shell to invoke one program at a time. This means that when you handle
185
186 mail, the entire power of the shell is at your disposal in addition to the facilities
187
188 that MH provides. In the beginning, this may not make much sense or may not
189
190 seem important. However, we have found that as new users of MH gain experience,
191
192 they find this style of interface to be very useful.
193 \f 3
194
195
196 Summary
197
198 The most minimal list of MH commands that you can get by with is:
199
200
201 inc - incorporate mail (get new mail)
202
203
204 show - show the first message
205
206
207 next - show the next message
208
209
210 prev - show the previous message
211
212
213 comp - compose a new message to send
214
215
216 repl - reply to a received message
217
218
219 Comp and repl give enough prompting possibly to get you along. However,
220
221 it is suggested that you take the time to peruse this tutorial before leaping into
222
223 things.
224
225
226
227 Messages and Folders
228
229 A message takes the form of a memorandum, and is composed of two
230
231 major parts: a header, which contains such information as ``To'' and ``From''
232
233 addresses, ``Subject'' , ``Date'' , etc.; and the body, which is the actual text of
234
235 the message. Each component in the header starts with a keyword followed by a
236
237 colon and additional information. For example, in the message:
238
239
240 Date: 10 Oct 84 17:41:14 EDT (Wed)
241
242 To: News@udel-dewey
243
244 Subject: UCI Software Talk
245
246 From: UCI Portal (agent: Marshall Rose) <uci@udel-dewey>
247
248
249
250 This is the text.
251
252
253 there are four header items, and one line of text in the body. Note that a blank
254
255 line separates the body from the headers.
256
257
258 MH stores a message as an ordinary file in a UNIX directory. This directory is
259
260 called a folder. If you choose to keep and organize your messages, you may create
261
262 as many folders as you wish. There is no limit as to the number of messages in a
263
264 folder. Typically messages are numbered from 1 up. All of your personal folders,
265
266 along with some other information that MH needs to know, are kept in a special
267
268 directory called Mail under your home directory. Normally, MH manages these
269
270 files and directories automatically, so you needn't muck around with them directly
271
272 unless you really want to.
273 \f 4
274
275
276 You won't have any folders until somebody sends mail to you, as a rule. If
277
278 you are anxious to try out MH, but no one has sent you mail yet, try sending mail
279
280 to yourself to start out with.
281
282
283
284 Reading New Mail
285
286 When you are notified that you have mail (usually when you log in), perhaps
287
288 with the message
289
290
291 You have mail.
292
293
294 then you know that messages are waiting in your maildrop. To read these messages,
295
296 you first have to incorporate the mail into your "in-box" by typing the command:
297
298
299 inc
300
301
302 This incorporates the new mail from your mail drop to your in-box, which is a
303
304 folder named (naturally enough) `+inbox' . As inc incorporates your new mail, it
305
306 generates a scan listing of the mail:
307
308 Incorporating new mail into inbox...
309
310 2 + 10/10 WESTINE% USC-ISIF RFC 916 Now Available <<A new Request for Co
311 3 10/10 G B Reilly Gosling EMACS manual <<Marshall, I am lookin
312 4 10/11 WESTINE% USC-ISIF Internet Monthly Report
313
314
315 Each time inc is invoked, any new messages are added to the end of your
316
317 ``+inbox'' folder.
318
319
320 To read the first message, use the show command:
321
322
323 show
324
325
326 This displays the current message. To read each subsequent message, use the next
327
328 command:
329
330
331 next
332
333
334 If you want to back up, the command prev shows the previous message. Another
335
336 way to read your messages is to name them all at once:
337
338
339 show all
340
341
342 This command displays them all, one after the other. The `all' argument to show
343
344 above might also be replaced with `next' or `prev' , as in
345
346
347 show next
348
349 show prev
350
351
352 which are respectively equivalent to the next and prev commands.
353 \f 5
354
355
356 If you have had occasion to type inc more than once, then you will find that
357
358 ``show all'' is showing not only the new messages, but also the old messages
359
360 that you've already seen. Therefore, you might find it better to use
361
362
363 show cur-last
364
365
366 instead. This command displays messages from the current message (`cur' ) to the
367
368 last message (`last' ). Each time inc is invoked, it makes the first new message the
369
370 current message. It should be noted here that the name `all' given in a previous
371
372 example is equivalent to the message range `first-last' , where `first' is the
373
374 name of the first message in `+inbox' . Also, ``show'' by itself is equivalent to
375
376
377 show cur
378
379
380
381 As mentioned earlier, with the UNIX shell as your interface to MH, it becomes
382
383 easy to list a message on a line printer or to another file. For example,
384
385
386 show all _ lpr
387
388
389 lists all the messages in the current folder to the line printer.
390
391
392 To summarize, the preceding has introduced these important concepts:
393
394 folders (in particular, the `+inbox' folder), messages, message names (e.g.
395
396 `prev' , `next' , `cur' , `last' ), and message ranges (e.g. `cur-last' , `all' ).
397
398 More will be said about folders and messages in succeeding sections.
399
400
401
402 Sending Messages
403
404 To send a message, you compose a message draft, either by replying to a
405
406 message that someone sent to you, or by creating a draft from scratch. The send
407
408 command is used after completing the final draft of a message, in the same way
409
410 that you mail a paper letter only after you are finished writing it. This is a common
411
412 source of confusion among new MH users who may have had experience with other
413
414 mail systems.
415
416
417 This section discusses how to originate messages and how to reply to messages
418
419 that were previously received, along with a word or two about addresses.
420
421
422 Originating Messages
423
424 To create a message draft from scratch, use the comp program. You will be
425
426 prompted for the header components and then the body of the message. If you
427
428 make a mistake, you may correct it later with a text editor. The draft will be sent
429
430 only if you give an explicit send command, so you do not have to worry about the
431
432 draft getting away from you prematurely.
433
434
435 To start, you simply type:
436
437
438 comp
439 \f 6
440
441
442 To: First, the prompt `To:' appears. Here you type the address of the person
443
444 to whom you wish the message sent. If this person is on the same computer system
445
446 as you, then that person's login ID should serve as the address (e.g. `mrose' or
447
448 `jsweet' ).
449
450
451 Here we digress briefly to discuss addresses. A full discussion of addresses
452
453 is beyond the scope of this tutorial, but it should be mentioned that there
454
455 are other kinds of addresses besides login IDs. To send messages to people
456
457 on remote systems, the usual way is to type `login-id@host' in the `To:'
458
459 component, as in `MRose@UCI-ICSA' . Examples of `host' names at UCI include
460
461 `uci-icsa' , `uci-icse' , and `uci-cip1' . Upper and lower case letters may be
462
463 used interchangeably. Sometimes a person's last name (e.g. `Rose' , `Sweet' ) can
464
465 be used instead of a login ID, but this cannot be relied upon in a world without
466
467 unique surnames.
468
469
470 cc: After you have given an address to the `To:' prompt, you are prompted
471
472 for the `cc:' ("carbon copy"-an archaism) address. It is customary, but not
473
474 required, to put your own address here so that you get a copy of the message when
475
476 it is sent.
477
478
479 To put more than one address in the `To:' and `cc:' components, just use
480
481 a comma (",") between each address on a line.
482
483
484 Subject: The third prompt is for the `Subject:' component. Here a line
485
486 of any descriptive text will do. Once you have typed a line of text, a dashed line
487
488 is printed, and you are then expected to type the body of the message. End the
489
490 body with EOT (usually CTRL-D).
491
492
493 An example of a complete message draft, as it appears on your screen, might
494
495 be:
496
497
498 To: News
499
500 cc: farber, mrose
501
502 Subject: UCI Software Talk
503
504 --------
505
506 A presentation on the UCI software suite, including
507
508 the Rand/UCI Mail Handling System (MH), will be given
509
510 in CS220 on October 31st at 2:30 PM. Refreshments
511
512 will be served afterward.
513
514
515
516 /mtr
517
518 ^D
519
520
521 (The "^D" does not appear in the draft.)
522 \f 7
523
524
525 At this point, you are asked
526
527
528 What now?
529
530
531 This is known as being at What now? level. For now, there are probably only four
532
533 options that will interest you:
534
535
536 edit - edit the draft
537
538
539 list - list the draft on your screen
540
541
542 quit - quit, without sending the draft
543
544
545 send - send the draft, then quit
546
547
548
549 All of these options take various arguments, but only edit really needs an argument.
550
551
552 Edit: The edit option will let you edit the draft before sending it. If your
553
554 favorite text editor is vi, then you would use the edit option as:
555
556
557 edit vi
558
559
560 Just specifying edit with no argument will only let you append text to the body
561
562 of the message draft. Another editor (e.g. vi, ex, emacs ) should really be run to
563
564 finish the draft up. When you leave the editor, you will come back to the What
565
566 now? level, where you can re-edit the draft, send it, list it, or simply quit without
567
568 sending the draft at all.
569
570
571 Caution: while in the editor, you should not delete colons in the headers or
572
573 change the spelling of `To:' , `cc:' , or `Subject:' ; and do not leave blank lines
574
575 between these lines. Feel free to change the addresses that you typed previously, or
576
577 to add these lines if they are missing. Do not delete the dashes that separate the
578
579 header lines from the text of the message. You should not add additional header
580
581 lines unless you understand precisely what you are doing. This means particularly
582
583 that you should not type or fill in a `From:' line. When the message is sent, the
584
585 system automatically adds this line. Also, you should not type a `Date:' line in
586
587 the header. When the message is sent, the system automatically adds the current
588
589 date and time.
590
591
592 Quit: If you quit without sending the draft, the draft is saved in a file called
593
594 Mail/draft under your home directory. This file can be recalled later using the
595
596 `-use' argument to comp:
597
598
599 comp -use
600
601
602 The What now? level will permit you to do further editing and to send the final
603
604 draft when you are ready.
605 \f 8
606
607
608 Send: When it is time to send the draft on its way, use the send option by
609
610 itself. If there are any problems with the draft (for example, if one or more of the
611
612 people whom you specified in the `To:' and `cc:' components do not exist) then
613
614 you will be notified at this time.
615
616
617 Replying to Messages
618
619 To reply to a message, use the repl command. For example,
620
621
622 repl
623
624
625 creates a reply to the current message. You may also reply to a specific message
626
627 (other than the current one) by giving a message number (e.g. `1' , `4' , etc.) or a
628
629 message name (e.g. `first' , `last' , `prev' ):
630
631
632 repl prev
633
634
635 We haven't really introduced message numbers yet. They will be discussed in the
636
637 next section.
638
639
640 The process of replying to a message is very similar to composing a message
641
642 from scratch (see the previous section), but repl conveniently constructs and
643
644 displays the header of the reply draft for you. You need only type in the text of
645
646 the reply. An EOT (usually CTRL-D) indicates that you are done typing. If you
647
648 make a mistake, you may correct it later with a text editor. The draft will be sent
649
650 only if you give an explicit send command, so you do not have to worry about the
651
652 draft getting away from you prematurely.
653
654
655 An example of a complete reply draft, as it appears on your screen might be:
656
657
658 To: MRose
659
660 cc: JSweet
661
662 Subject: Re: UCI Software Talk
663
664 In-reply-to: Your message of 10 Oct 84 18:15:08 PDT (Wed).
665
666 --------
667
668 I'll be there.
669
670 -jns
671
672 ^D
673
674
675 (The "^D" does not appear in the draft.)
676
677
678 At this point, you are asked
679
680
681 What now?
682
683
684 This is known as being at What now? level. Refer to the previous section regarding
685
686 how to edit, display, or send the draft at this point.
687 \f 9
688
689
690 As with comp, if you quit without sending the reply draft, the draft is saved
691
692 in a file called Mail/draft under your home directory. This file can be recalled later
693
694 using the `-use' argument to comp:
695
696
697 comp -use
698
699
700 The What now? level will permit you to do further editing and to send the final
701
702 draft when you are ready.
703
704
705
706 Scanning Messages
707
708 The scan listing created by inc shows the message number, the date on which
709
710 the message was sent, the sender, and the subject of the message. If there is
711
712 sufficient space remaining on the line, the beginning of the text of the message is
713
714 displayed as well, preceded by two left angle brackets (" <<"). An example of a
715
716 scan listing is:
717
718 1+ 10/10 WESTINE% USC-ISIF RFC 916 Now Available <<A new Request for Co
719 2 10/10 G B Reilly Gosling EMACS manual <<Marshall, I am lookin
720 3 10/11 WESTINE% USC-ISIF Internet Monthly Report
721
722
723 Note that all messages have message numbers.
724
725
726 To generate your own scan listing, use the scan program. Typing simply
727
728
729 scan
730
731
732 will list all the messages in the current folder. To scan a subset of these messages,
733
734 you can specify the numbers of the messages that you consider interesting, e.g.,
735
736
737 scan 2 3
738
739
740 Message names may be specified in addition to discrete message numbers. The
741
742 built-in message names recognized by MH are:
743
744
745 all_: all messages in the folder (`first-last' )
746
747
748 first_: the first message in the folder
749
750
751 last_: the last message in the folder
752
753
754 prev__: the message immediately before the current message
755
756
757 cur__: the current message
758
759
760 next__: the message immediately after the current message
761 \f 10
762
763
764 Message ranges may be specified in addition to discrete message numbers or
765
766 names by separating the beginning and final message numbers with a dash ("-").
767
768 For example,
769
770
771 scan 5-10
772
773
774 scans messages 5 through 10 inclusive. A range of messages may also be specified
775
776 by separating a beginning message number and a relative number of messages with
777
778 a colon (":"). For example,
779
780
781 scan last:3
782
783
784 scans the last three messages in the folder. Similarly,
785
786
787 scan first:3
788
789
790 scans the first three messages in the folder;
791
792
793 scan next:3
794
795
796 scans the next three messages;
797
798
799 scan cur:3
800
801
802 scans the three messages beginning from the current message;
803
804
805 scan 100:4
806
807
808 scans four messages beginning from message number 100.
809
810
811 To summarize, the important concepts that have been discussed in the
812
813 section are: message ranges, message numbers, and message names. When an MH
814
815 command is described as taking a `msg' argument, it accepts either a message
816
817 name or a message number. Most MH commands are described as taking `msgs'
818
819 arguments, meaning that more than one message or message range is accepted.
820
821
822
823 Deleting Messages
824
825 To delete a message, use the rmm program. By default, rmm deletes the
826
827 current message, but you can give rmm a list of messages to be removed as well.
828
829 There is no corresponding "unrmm" program, but clever users with a need will
830
831 find out how to change the way rmm works so that it simply moves messages to
832
833 another folder (say, `+wastebasket' ).
834 \f 11
835
836
837 Filing Messages
838
839 The possibility of having folders other than ``+inbox'' has been mentioned
840
841 previously. The methods for moving messages between folders and manipulating
842
843 folders are discussed here.
844
845
846 The refile command moves messages from a source folder to one or more
847
848 destination folders. By default, the current message is moved from the current
849
850 folder (typically `+inbox' ) to another folder specified as an argument to refile.
851
852 For example,
853
854
855 refile +todo
856
857
858 moves the current message from the current folder to the folder ``+todo'' . To
859
860 move messages from a folder other than the current folder, use the `-src +folder'
861
862 switch, as in
863
864
865 refile -src +todo last +save +notes
866
867
868 which moves the last message in the ``+todo'' folder to the folders ``+save''
869
870 and ``+notes'' . Note that this operation is a move, not a copy; it removes the
871
872 message from the source folder. To keep a copy in the source folder as well, use the
873
874 `-link' switch
875
876
877 refile -link -src +todo last +save +notes
878
879
880
881 Whenever a folder argument is given to an MH command, that folder becomes
882
883 the current folder. To find out which folder is current, use the command
884
885
886 folder
887
888
889 The inc command sets the current folder back to `+inbox' by default. To find out
890
891 about all of a user's folders, use the command
892
893
894 folders
895
896
897 Since folders can contain other folders, the command
898
899
900 folders -recurse
901
902
903 will recursively examine each folder for you.
904
905
906 To set the current folder, without doing anything else, use the folder program
907
908 with a folder argument. Hence,
909
910
911 folder +inbox
912
913
914 makes ``+inbox'' the current folder.
915 \f 12
916
917
918 After a using rmm and refile on a folder a number of times, there tend to be
919
920 gaps in the numbering sequence. To compress the numbers for the all messages in
921
922 a folder, use
923
924
925 folder -pack
926
927
928
929 The Profile
930
931 You can customize the MH environment by editing your .mh_profile file.
932
933 Although there are lots of options, here are the most useful:
934
935
936 Editor___: lists the default editor that comp and repl should use. The default is
937
938
939 editor: prompter
940
941
942 but another editor might be preferred.
943
944
945 editor-next____: lists the editor that should be used after the last edit with editor. Hence,
946
947 if you have a profile entry
948
949
950 prompter-next: vi
951
952
953 after editing a draft with prompter, and being at What now? level, you
954
955 could say ``edit'' (instead of ``edit vi'' ) to continue to edit the
956
957 draft with vi.
958
959
960 Msg-Protect________:Whenever MH creates a message (for example, with inc), this is the
961
962 octal protection mode that the message is created with. The default is
963
964
965 Msg-Protect: 644
966
967
968 This protection mode permits all other users on the system to read
969
970 your messages. To maintain privacy, the mode 600 should be used.
971
972 Note that changing the mode in the profile does not change the modes
973
974 of messages that have been created already. Use the UNIX command
975
976 chmod to change the modes of your existing messages.
977
978
979 Folder-Protect______________:Whenever MH creates a folder (for example, with refile), this is the
980
981 octal mode that the folder is created with. The default is
982
983
984 Folder-Protect: 711
985
986
987 This mode permits other users on the system to make access to specific
988
989 messages in your folders. To maintain stricter privacy, the mode 700
990
991 should be used.
992 \f 13
993
994
995 program____: Each MH program that reads user's .mh_profile file looks for an entry
996
997 beginning with its own name to determine its initial defaults. For
998
999 example, if you want the default editor for repl to be emacs, the line
1000
1001
1002 repl: -editor emacs
1003
1004
1005 is sufficient. Command line arguments tend to override profile settings.
1006
1007 Given the profile setting for repl above, if you invoked repl with
1008
1009
1010 repl -editor vi
1011
1012
1013 repl would use the vi editor instead of emacs.
1014
1015
1016 signature____: When MH posts mail for you, it looks for this profile entry for your
1017
1018 "real world" name. For example,
1019
1020
1021 signature: Marshall Rose
1022
1023
1024 The contents of the ``signature:'' entry in the profile should be a
1025
1026 simple phrase, with no embedded periods (e.g. "Marshall T. Rose").
1027
1028
1029
1030 Note that your profile resembles the header portion of a message. Be sure that it is
1031
1032 properly formatted by placing a colon after each entry name, and keep each entry
1033
1034 on a single line.
1035
1036
1037
1038 Conventions
1039
1040 Now let's summarize the conventions that MH programs use:
1041
1042
1043 1. Any MH command that deals with messages can be given a `+folder'
1044
1045 argument to say which folder to use. However, only one `+folder'
1046
1047 argument may be given per command in most cases.
1048
1049
1050 2. If an MH command accepts a `msgs' argument, then any number of
1051
1052 messages can be given to the command. The MH command will expand
1053
1054 all the ranges and process each message, starting with the lowest
1055
1056 numbered one and working its way to the message with the highest
1057
1058 number.
1059
1060
1061 3. If an MH command accepts a `msg' argument, then at most one message
1062
1063 can be given.
1064
1065
1066 4. Switches (options) to MH commands start with a dash. Unlike the
1067
1068 standard UNIX convention, each switch consists of more than one
1069
1070 character, for example `-header' . To minimize typing, only a unique
1071
1072 abbreviation of the switch need be typed; thus for `-header' , `-hea'
1073
1074 is probably sufficient, depending on the other switches accepted by the
1075
1076 command.
1077 \f 14
1078
1079
1080 5. All MH commands have a `-help' switch, which must be spelled
1081
1082 out fully. When an MH command encounters the `-help' switch, it
1083
1084 prints out the syntax of the command, the switches that it accepts,
1085
1086 and version information. In the list of switches, parentheses indicate
1087
1088 required characters. For example, all `-help' switches will appear as
1089
1090 `-(help)' , indicating that no abbreviation is accepted.
1091
1092
1093 6. Many MH switches have both on and off forms, such as `-format' and
1094
1095 `-noformat' . In these cases, the last occurrence of the switch on the
1096
1097 command line determines the setting of the option.
1098
1099
1100 7. All MH commands that read your MH profile operate the same way:
1101
1102 first_, the profile is consulted for an entry matching the name with which
1103
1104 the command was invoked; second___, if such an entry was found, then the
1105
1106 command immediately uses the arguments listed; third__, any arguments
1107
1108 on the command line are then interpreted. Since most switches have
1109
1110 both on and off forms, it's easy to customize the default options for each
1111
1112 MH command in the .mh_profile , and to override those defaults on the
1113
1114 command line.
1115
1116
1117
1118 Online Documentation
1119
1120 Each MH program has its own UNIX manual entry. For example, to get
1121
1122 information about comp, type
1123
1124
1125 man comp
1126
1127
1128 The manual entry for mh(1) lists all MH commands, while the manual entry for
1129
1130 mh-chart (1) lists the syntax and switches for all MH commands.
1131
1132
1133 In addition, here are a few other manual entries might be found useful:
1134
1135
1136 mh-alias (5) to find out how aliases in MH work;
1137
1138
1139 mh-mail (5) to find out how MH stores and interprets messages (this manual entry
1140
1141 explains all of the standard header components);
1142
1143
1144 mh-profile(5) to find out about the MH user-environment.
1145
1146
1147 The manual pages for MH are in the standard UNIX format, but contain
1148
1149 additional sections unique to MH. Here's a summary of the sections one might find
1150
1151 in an MH manual entry:
1152
1153
1154 Name command name and one-line description.
1155
1156
1157 Synopsis syntax of the command.
1158
1159 All commands accept a `-help' switch.
1160 \f 15
1161
1162
1163 Description semantics of the command.
1164
1165
1166 Files files used by the command
1167
1168 Almost always this includes .mh_profile .
1169
1170
1171 Profile entries in the .mh_profile used by the command;
1172
1173 Components these do not include the profile entry for the command itself.
1174
1175
1176 See Also other UNIX manual entries (usually MH programs) that are related to
1177
1178 this command.
1179
1180
1181 Defaults default arguments for the command
1182
1183 If the command takes a `+folder' argument, this defaults to the
1184
1185 current folder. If the command takes a `msg' argument, this defaults
1186
1187 to the current message. If the command takes a `msgs' argument, this
1188
1189 defaults to the current message or all messages, depending on which one
1190
1191 makes more sense.
1192
1193
1194 Context changes to your MH context made by the command.
1195
1196
1197 Hints Helpful hints discussing the easy way to do things.
1198
1199
1200 History A historical perspective on why MH works the way it does.
1201
1202
1203 Bugs Too embarrassing to mention.
1204
1205 Just kidding.
1206
1207
1208
1209 Obviously, not all MH manual entries may have all of these sections.
1210
1211
1212
1213 Reporting Problems
1214
1215 If problems are encountered with an MH program, the problems should be
1216
1217 reported to the local maintainers of MH. When doing this, the name of the program
1218
1219 should be reported, along with the version information for the program. To find
1220
1221 out what version of an MH program is being run, invoke the program with the
1222
1223 `-help' switch. In addition to listing the syntax of the command, the program
1224
1225 will list information pertaining to its version. This information includes the version
1226
1227 of MH, the host it was generated on, the date the program was loaded, and the
1228
1229 configuration options in effect when MH was generated. For example,
1230
1231
1232 version: MH 6.1 #1[UCI] (gremlin) of Wed Nov 6 01:13:53 PST 1985
1233
1234 options: [BSD42] [MHE] [NETWORK] [SENDMTS] [MMDFII] [SMTP] [POP]
1235
1236
1237 The ``6.1 # 1[UCI]'' indicates that the program is from the UCI mh.6
1238
1239 version of MH. The program was generated on the host ``gremlin'' on
1240
1241 ``Wed Nov 6 01:13:53 PST 1985'' . It's usually a good idea to send the output
1242
1243 of the `-help' switch along with your report.
1244 \f 16
1245
1246
1247 If there is no local MH maintainer, try the address Bug-MH. If that fails, use
1248
1249 the Internet mailbox Bug-MH@UCI.ARPA.
1250
1251
1252
1253 More on MH
1254
1255 There are myriad aspects of MH that this tutorial hasn't touched upon. Here
1256
1257 are a few to whet your appetite:
1258
1259
1260 1. user-defined sequences
1261
1262 Define meaningful message names and shorten type-in considerably (see
1263
1264 pick (1) for details).
1265
1266
1267 2. draft folders
1268
1269 Maintain a folder of drafts so that more than one draft can be edited
1270
1271 at a time, and allow a draft to be edited over several UNIX sessions
1272
1273 independently of other drafts (see the Advanced Features section of
1274
1275 the MH user's manual for details).
1276
1277
1278 3. draft pushing
1279
1280 Post a draft in the background and immediately free your terminal for
1281
1282 other activities (see the Advanced Features section of the MH user's
1283
1284 manual for details).
1285
1286
1287 4. aliases
1288
1289 Maintain one or more alias files containing the addresses of the people
1290
1291 frequently (or infrequently) sent to. This lets you shorten type-in of
1292
1293 addressees and saves you from looking up their addresses all the time.
1294
1295 (see mh-alias (5) for details).
1296 \f 17
1297
1298
1299 References
1300
1301
1302
1303 [MRose84] M.T. Rose. The Rand MH Message Handling System: The UCI
1304
1305 BBoards Facility. Department of Computer and Information Sciences,
1306
1307 University of Delaware (October, 1984).
1308
1309
1310
1311 [MRose85a] M.T. Rose, J.L. Romine. The Rand MH Message Handling System:
1312
1313 User's Manual. UCI Version. Department of Information and Computer
1314
1315 Science, University of California, Irvine (January, 1985).
1316
1317
1318
1319 [MRose85b] M.T. Rose. The Rand MH Message Handling System: Administrator's
1320
1321 Guide. UCI Version, MH Classic. Northrop Corporation, Research and
1322
1323 Technology Center (July, 1985).
1324
1325
1326
1327 [SPayn85] S. Payne MH5: Electronic Mail. Rand Note #N-2281-RCC. The
1328
1329 Rand Computation Center, Rand, 1700 Main St., Santa Monica, CA
1330
1331 90406-2138 (May, 1985).
1332 \f
1333
1334
1335
1336 Contents
1337
1338
1339
1340 Page
1341
1342 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1343
1344 Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1345
1346 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1347
1348 How To Use This Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1349
1350 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1351
1352 Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1353
1354 Messages and Folders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1355
1356 Reading New Mail . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1357
1358 Sending Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1359
1360 Originating Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1361
1362 Replying to Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1363
1364 Scanning Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1365
1366 Deleting Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
1367
1368 Filing Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1369
1370 The Profile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1371
1372 Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1373
1374 Online Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1375
1376 Reporting Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1377
1378 More on MH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1379
1380 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1381
1382
1383
1384 _____________________________________
1385 This document (version #2.8) was TEXset April 12, 1990 with DISS.STY v103.
1386
1387
1388
1389 i