add $(kibi) function, as complement to %(kilo)

[nmh] / docs / historical / MH.txt

                                            _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bc_\ba_\br_\bd _\bt_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bp_\ba_\bg_\be




                                               The RAND _\bM_\bH
                                         Message Handling System:
                                              User's Manual

                                               UCI Version


                                            November 30, 1993
                                              6.8.3 #1[UCI]



















































                                             _\b1. _\bI_\bN_\bT_\bR_\bO_\bD_\bU_\bC_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN





                      Although people can travel cross-country in  hours  and  can  reach
                 others by telephone in seconds, communications still depend heavily upon
                 paper, most of which is distributed through the mails.

                      There are several major reasons for this  continued  dependence  on
                 written  documents.   First,  a  written  document  may be proofread and
                 corrected prior to its distribution, giving the author complete  control
                 over  his  words.   Thus,  a written document is better than a telephone
                 conversation in this respect.  Second, a carefully written  document  is
                 far  less  likely to be misinterpreted or poorly translated than a phone
                 conversation.  Third, a  signature  offers  reasonable  verification  of
                 authorship, which cannot be provided with media such as telegrams.

                      However, the need for fast\b\b\b\b____,  accurate,  and  reproducible  document
                 distribution is obvious.  One solution in widespread use is the telefax.
                 Another that is rapidly gaining popularity is  electronic  mail.   Elec-
                 tronic  mail is similar to telefax in that the data to be sent are digi-
                 tized, transmitted via phone lines, and turned back into a  document  at
                 the  receiver.   The  advantage of electronic mail is in its compression
                 factor.  Whereas a telefax must scan a page in very fine lines and  send
                 all  of the black and white information, electronic mail assigns charac-
                 ters fixed codes which can be transmitted as a few bits of  information.
                 Telefax  presently  has the advantage of being able to transmit an arbi-
                 trary page, including pictures, but electronic mail is beginning to deal
                 with  this  problem.   Electronic mail also integrates well with current
                 directions  in  office  automation,  allowing  documents  prepared  with
                 sophisticated  equipment  at  one  site  to  be  quickly transferred and
                 printed at another site.

                      Currently, most electronic mail is intraorganizational,  with  mail
                 transfer  remaining within one computer.  As computer networking becomes
                 more common, however, it is becoming more feasible to  communicate  with
                 anyone whose computer can be linked to your own via a network.

                      The pioneering efforts on general-purpose electronic mail  were  by
                 organizations using the DoD ARPAnet[1].  The capability to send messages
                 between computers existed before the ARPAnet was developed, but  it  was
                 used  only in limited ways.  With the advent of the ARPAnet, tools began
                 to be developed which made it convenient for  individuals  or  organiza-
                 tions  to distribute messages over broad geographic areas, using diverse
                 computer facilities.  The interest and activity in message  systems  has
                 now  reached  such proportions that steps have been taken within the DoD
                 to coordinate and unify the development  of  military  message  systems.
                 The  use  of electronic mail is expected to increase dramatically in the
                 next few years.  The utility of such systems in the command and  control
                 and  intelligence environments is clear, and applications in these areas











                                                   -2-


                 will probably lead the way.  As the costs for sending and handling elec-
                 tronic messages continue their rapid decrease, such uses can be expected
                 to spread rapidly into other areas and, of course, will not  be  limited
                 to the DoD.

                      A message system provides tools that  help  users  (individuals  or
                 organizations)  deal  with  messages  in various ways.  Messages must be
                 composed, sent, received, stored, retrieved, forwarded, and replied  to.
                 Today's  best  interactive  computer  systems provide a variety of word-
                 processing and information handling capabilities.  The message  handling
                 facilities  should be well integrated with the rest of the system, so as
                 to be a graceful extension of overall system capability.

                      The message system described in this report, _\bM_\bH, provides  most  of
                 the  features that can be found in other message systems and also incor-
                 porates some new ones.  It has been built on the UNIX time-sharing  sys-
                 tem[2],  a  popular  operating  system  for the DEC PDP-11[1] and VAX-11
                 classes of computers.  A "secure" operating system similar  to  UNIX  is
                 currently being developed[3], and that system will also run _\bM_\bH.

                      This report provides a complete description  of  _\bM_\bH  and  thus  may
                 serve  as  a  user's  manual,  although  parts  of the report will be of
                 interest to non-users as well.  Sections  2  and  3,  the  Overview  and
                 Tutorial,  present  the key ideas of _\bM_\bH and will give those not familiar
                 with message systems an idea of what such systems are like.

                      _\bM_\bH consists of a set of commands which use some special  files  and
                 conventions.   The final section is divided into three parts.  The first
                 part covers the information a user needs to know in addition to the com-
                 mands.   Then, each of the _\bM_\bH commands is described in detail.  Finally,
                 other obscure details are revealed.  A summary of the commands is  given
                 in  Appendix A, and the syntax of message sequences is given in Appendix
                 B.

                      A novel approach has been taken in the design of  _\bM_\bH.   Instead  of
                 creating  a large subsystem that appears as a single command to the user
                 (such as MS[4]), _\bM_\bH is a collection of separate commands which  are  run
                 as  separate  programs.   The file and directory system of UNIX are used
                 directly.  Messages are stored as individual files (datasets), and  col-
                 lections  of them are grouped into directories.  In contrast, most other
                 message systems store messages in a complicated data structure within  a
                 monolithic file.  With the _\bM_\bH approach, UNIX commands can be interleaved
                 with commands invoking the  functions  of  the  message  handler.   Con-
                 versely, existing UNIX commands can be used in connection with messages.
                 For example, all the usual UNIX editing, text-formatting,  and  printing
                 facilities  can  be applied directly to individual messages.  MH, there-
                 fore, consists of a relatively small amount of new code; it makes exten-
                 sive  use  of  other  UNIX software to provide the capabilities found in


                    [1] PDP and VAX are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation.












                                                   -3-


                 other message systems.

































































                                               _\b2. _\bO_\bV_\bE_\bR_\bV_\bI_\bE_\bW





                      There are three main aspects  of  _\bM_\bH :   the   way   messages   are
                 stored  (the  message  database),  the user's profile (which directs how
                 certain actions of the message handler take place), and the commands for
                 dealing with messages.

                      Under _\bM_\bH, each message is stored as a separate file.   A  user  can
                 take  any  action  with a message that he could with an ordinary file in
                 UNIX.  A UNIX directory in which messages are stored is called a folder.
                 Each  folder  contains  some  standard  entries  to support the message-
                 handling functions.  The messages in  a  folder  have  numerical  names.
                 These  folders (directories) are entries in a particular directory path,
                 described in the user profile, through which _\bM_\bH can find  message  fold-
                 ers.   Using  the UNIX "link" facility, it is possible for one copy of a
                 message to be "filed" in more than one folder, providing a message index
                 facility.   Also, using the UNIX tree-structured file system, it is pos-
                 sible to have a folder within a folder,  nested  arbitrarily  deep,  and
                 have the full power of the _\bM_\bH commands available.

                      Each user of _\bM_\bH has a user profile, a file in  his  $HOME  (initial
                 login)  directory  called  ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be.   This  profile contains several
                 pieces of information used by the _\bM_\bH commands: a path name to the direc-
                 tory  that  contains  the  message folders and parameters that tailor _\bM_\bH
                 commands to the individual user's requirements.  There is  also  another
                 file,  called  the  user  context, which contains information concerning
                 which folder the user last referenced (the "current" folder).   It  also
                 contains most of the necessary state information concerning how the user
                 is dealing with his messages, enabling _\bM_\bH to be implemented as a set  of
                 individual  UNIX commands, in contrast to the usual approach of a monol-
                 ithic subsystem.

                      In _\bM_\bH, incoming mail is appended to the end of a file in  a  system
                 spooling  area  for  the user.  This area is called the mail drop direc-
                 tory, and the file is called the user's mail drop.   Normally  when  the
                 user  logins  in, s/he is informed of new mail (or the _\bM_\bH program _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk
                 may be run).  The user adds the new messages to his/her collection of _\bM_\bH
                 messages  by  invoking  the  command _\bi_\bn_\bc.  The _\bi_\bn_\bc (incorporate) command
                 adds the new messages to a folder called "inbox", assigning  them  names
                 which  are  consecutive  integers starting with the next highest integer
                 available in inbox.  _\bi_\bn_\bc also produces a _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn summary  of  the  messages
                 thus  incorporated.   A  folder can be compacted into a single file, for
                 easy storage, by using the  _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf  command.   Also,  messages  within  a
                 folder can be sorted by date and time with the _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm command.


                      There are four commands for examining the  messages  in  a  folder:
                 _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw,  _\bp_\br_\be_\bv,  _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt,  and _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn.  The _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw command displays a message in a

                                                   -4-









                                                   -5-


                 folder, _\bp_\br_\be_\bv displays the message preceding  the  current  message,  and
                 _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt  displays  the  message following the current message.  _\bM_\bH lets the
                 user choose the program that displays individual  messages.   A  special
                 program,  _\bm_\bh_\bl,  can  be used to display messages according to the user's
                 preferences.  The _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn command summarizes the messages in a folder, nor-
                 mally  producing  one line per message, showing who the message is from,
                 the date, the subject, etc.

                      The user may move a message from one folder  to  another  with  the
                 command  _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be.   Messages may be removed from a folder by means of the
                 command _\br_\bm_\bm.  In addition, a user may query what the current  folder  is
                 and may specify that a new folder become the current folder, through the
                 command _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br.  All folders may be summarized with the _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br_\bs command.
                 A  message  folder (or subfolder) may be removed by means of the command
                 _\br_\bm_\bf.

                      A set of messages based on content may be selected by  use  of  the
                 command  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk.   This  command searches through messages in a folder and
                 selects those that match a given set of criteria.   These  messages  are
                 then  bound  to  a  "sequence" name for use with other _\bM_\bH commands.  The
                 _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command manipulates these sequences.

                      There are five commands enabling the user to  create  new  messages
                 and  send them: _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl, and _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd.  The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp command pro-
                 vides the facility for the user to compose a new message; _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt redistri-
                 butes  mail  to  additional addressees; _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw enables the user to forward
                 messages; and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl facilitates the generation of a reply to an  incoming
                 message.   The  last three commands may optionally annotate the original
                 message.  Messages may be arbitrarily annotated with the  _\ba_\bn_\bn_\bo  command.
                 Once  a  draft has been constructed by one of the four above composition
                 programs, a user-specifiable program is run to query the user as to  the
                 disposition of the draft prior to sending.  _\bM_\bH provides the simple _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\b-
                 _\bn_\bo_\bw program to start users off.  If a message is not  sent  directly  by
                 one  of these commands, it may be sent at a later time using the command
                 _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd.  _\bM_\bH allows the use of any UNIX editor when  composing  a  message.
                 For rapid entry, a special editor, _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br, is provided.  For programs,
                 a special mail-sending program, _\bm_\bh_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl, is provided.

                      _\bM_\bH supports a personal aliasing  facility  which  gives  users  the
                 capability  to  considerably  shorten  address typein and use meaningful
                 names for addresses.  The _\ba_\bl_\bi program can be used to query _\bM_\bH as to  the
                 expansion of a list of aliases.  After composing a message, but prior to
                 sending, the _\bw_\bh_\bo_\bm command can be used to determine exactly who a message
                 would go to.

                      _\bM_\bH provides a natural interface for telling the  user's  shell  the
                 names  of  _\bM_\bH  messages  and  folders.  The _\bm_\bh_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh program achieves this
                 capability.

                      Finally, _\bM_\bH supports the UCI BBoards facility.  _\bb_\bb_\bc can be used  to
                 query  the  status  of a group of BBoards, while _\bm_\bs_\bh can be used to read
                 them.  The _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt command can be used to "shred" digests of messages into











                                                   -6-


                 individual messages.

                      All of the elements summarized above are described in  more  detail
                 in  the  following sections.  Many of the normal facilities of UNIX pro-
                 vide additional capabilities for dealing with messages in various  ways.
                 For  example,  it  is  possible  to  print  messages on the line-printer
                 without requiring any additional code within _\bM_\bH .  Using  standard  UNIX
                 facilities, any terminal output can be redirected to a file for repeated
                 or future viewing.  In general, the flexibility and capabilities of  the
                 UNIX  interface  with the user are preserved as a result of the integra-
                 tion of _\bM_\bH into the UNIX structure.























































                                               _\b3. _\bT_\bU_\bT_\bO_\bR_\bI_\bA_\bL





                      This tutorial provides a brief introduction to the _\bM_\bH commands.  It
                 should  be sufficient to allow the user to read his mail, do some simple
                 manipulations of it, and create and send messages.

                      A message has two major pieces:  the header and the body.  The body
                 consists  of the text of the message (whatever you care to type in).  It
                 follows the header and is separated from it by an empty line.  (When you
                 compose  a  message, the form that appears on your terminal shows a line
                 of dashes after the header.  This is for convenience and is replaced  by
                 an  empty  line  when  the  message is sent.)  The header is composed of
                 several components, including the subject of the message and the  person
                 to whom it is addressed.  Each component starts with a name and a colon;
                 components must not start with a blank.  The text of the  component  may
                 take  more  than  one line, but each continuation line must start with a
                 blank.  Messages typically have "To:", "cc:", and "Subject:" components.
                 When  composing  a  message, you should include the "To:" and "Subject:"
                 components; the "cc:" (for people you want to send  copies  to)  is  not
                 necessary.

                      The basic _\bM_\bH commands are _\bi_\bn_\bc, _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn, _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt, _\bp_\br_\be_\bv,  _\br_\bm_\bm,  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,
                 and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl.  These are described below.

                 _\bi_\bn_\bc

                      When you get the message "You have mail",  type  the  command  _\bi_\bn_\bc.
                 You will get a "scan listing" such as:

                      7+   7/13  Cas      revival of measurement work
                      8   10/ 9  Norm     NBS people and publications
                      9   11/26  To:norm  question <<Are there any functions

                      This shows the messages you received since the last time  you  exe-
                 cuted  this  command (_\bi_\bn_\bc adds these new messages to your inbox folder).
                 You can see this list again, plus a list of any other messages you have,
                 by using the _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn command.

                 _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn

                      The scan listing shows the message number, followed by the date and
                 the  sender.   (If  you  are the sender, the addressee in the "To:" com-
                 ponent is displayed.  You may send yourself a message by including  your
                 name  among  the "To:" or "cc:" addressees.) It also shows the message's
                 subject; if the subject is short, the first part of the body of the mes-
                 sage is included after the characters <<.



                                                   -7-









                                                   -8-


                 _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw

                      This command shows the current message, that is, the first  one  of
                 the  new messages after an _\bi_\bn_\bc.  If the message is not specified by name
                 (number), it is generally the last message referred to by an _\bM_\bH command.
                 For example,


                      _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw 5      will show message 5.


                      You can use the show command to copy a message or print a message.


                      _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw > _\bx    will copy the message to file x.
                      _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw | _\bl_\bp_\br  will print the message, using the _\bl_\bp_\br command.
                      _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt        will show the message that follows the current message.
                      _\bp_\br_\be_\bv        will show the message previous to the current message.
                      _\br_\bm_\bm         will remove the current message.
                      _\br_\bm_\bm _\b3       will remove message 3.


                 _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp

                      The _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp command puts you in the editor to write or edit a message.
                 Fill  in or delete the "To:", "cc:", and "Subject:" fields, as appropri-
                 ate, and type the body of the message.  Then exit normally from the edi-
                 tor.   You will be asked "What now?".  Type a carriage return to see the
                 options.  Typing send will cause the message to  be  sent;  typing  quit
                 will cause an exit from _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, with the message draft saved.

                      If you quit without sending the message, it will be saved in a file
                 called  <name>/Mail/draft  (where  <name> is your $HOME directory).  You
                 can resume editing the message later with "comp -use"; or you  can  send
                 the message later, using the _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd command.

                 _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp -_\be_\bd_\bi_\bt_\bo_\br _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br

                      This command uses a different editor and is  useful  for  preparing
                 "quick  and  dirty"  messages.  It prompts you for each component of the
                 header.  Type the information for that component,  or  type  a  carriage
                 return to omit the component.  After that, type the body of the message.
                 Backspacing is the only form of editing allowed with this editor.   When
                 the  body is complete, type a carriage return followed by <EOT> (usually
                 <CTRL-D>).  This completes the initial preparation of the message;  from
                 then on, use the same procedures as with _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (above).

                 _\br_\be_\bp_\bl
                 _\br_\be_\bp_\bl n

                      This command makes up an initial message form with a header that is
                 appropriate  for  replying  to  an  existing message.  The message being











                                                   -9-


                 answered is the current message if no message number is mentioned, or  n
                 if a number is specified.  After the header is completed, you can finish
                 the message as in _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (above).

                      This is enough information to get you going using  _\bM_\bH.   There  are
                 more commands, and the commands described here have more features.  Sub-
                 sequent sections explain _\bM_\bH in complete detail.   The  system  is  quite
                 powerful  if you want to use its sophisticated features, but the forego-
                 ing commands suffice for sending and receiving messages.

                      There are numerous additional capabilities you may wish to explore.
                 For  example, the _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk command will select a subset of messages based on
                 specified criteria such as sender and/or subject.   Groups  of  messages
                 may  be  designated, as described in Sec. IV, under Message Naming.  The
                 file ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be can be used to tailor your use of the message system to
                 your needs and preferences, as described in Sec. IV, under The User Pro-
                 file.  In general, you may  learn  additional  features  of  the  system
                 selectively,  according  to  your requirements, by studying the relevant
                 sections of this manual.  There is no need to learn all the  details  of
                 the system at once.














































                                         _\b4. _\bD_\bE_\bT_\bA_\bI_\bL_\bE_\bD _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN





                      This section describes the _\bM_\bH system in detail, including the  com-
                 ponents  of  the  user  profile, the conventions for message naming, and
                 some of the other _\bM_\bH conventions.  Readers who  are  generally  familiar
                 with  computer  systems  will  be  able  to  follow the principal ideas,
                 although some details may be meaningful  only  to  those  familiar  with
                 UNIX.


                 _\bT_\bH_\bE _\bU_\bS_\bE_\bR _\bP_\bR_\bO_\bF_\bI_\bL_\bE

                      The first time an _\bM_\bH command is issued by a new  user,  the  system
                 prompts for a "Path" and creates an _\bM_\bH "profile".

                      Each _\bM_\bH user has a profile which contains tailoring information for
                 each  individual  program.   Other  profile  entries control the _\bM_\bH path
                 (where folders and special files are kept), folder and  message  protec-
                 tions,  editor  selection,  and  default  arguments for each _\bM_\bH program.
                 Each user of _\bM_\bH also has a context file  which  contains  current  state
                 information for the _\bM_\bH package (the location of the context file is kept
                 in the user's _\bM_\bH directory, or may be named in the user profile).   When
                 a  folder  becomes the current folder, it is recorded in the user's con-
                 text.  (Other state information is kept in the  context  file,  see  the
                 manual  entry for _\bm_\bh-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (5) for more details.) In general, the term
                 "profile entry" refer to entries in either the profile or context  file.
                 Users of _\bM_\bH needn't worry about the distinction, _\bM_\bH handles these things
                 automatically.

                      The _\bM_\bH profile is stored in the  file  ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be  in  the  user's
                 $HOME directory[1].  It has the format of a message  without  any  body.
                 That is, each profile entry is on one line, with a keyword followed by a
                 colon (:) followed by text particular to the keyword.
                 =>   _\bT_\bh_\bi_\bs _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bm_\bu_\bs_\bt _\bn_\bo_\bt _\bh_\ba_\bv_\be _\bb_\bl_\ba_\bn_\bk _\bl_\bi_\bn_\be_\bs.
                 The keywords may have any combination of upper and lower case.  (See the
                 information of _\bm_\bh-_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl later on in this manual for a description of mes-
                 sage formats.)

                      For the average _\bM_\bH user, the only profile entry  of  importance  is
                 "Path".   Path  specifies  a  directory  in which _\bM_\bH folders and certain
                 files such as "draft" are found.  The argument to this keyword must be a
                 legal  UNIX  path that names an existing directory.  If this path is not
                 absolute (i.e., does not begin with a / ), it will be presumed to  start


                    [1] By defining the envariable $MH, you can specify an alternate pro-
                 file to be used by _\bM_\bH commands.


                                                   -10-









                                                   -11-


                 from the user's $HOME directory.   All  folder  and  message  references
                 within _\bM_\bH will relate to this path unless full path names are used.

                      Message protection defaults to 644, and folder protection  to  711.
                 These  may  be  changed  by  profile  entries "Msg-Protect" and "Folder-
                 Protect", respectively.  The argument to  these  keywords  is  an  octal
                 number which is used as the UNIX file mode[2].

                      When an _\bM_\bH program starts running, it looks through the user's pro-
                 file for an entry with a keyword matching the program's name.  For exam-
                 ple, when _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp is run, it looks for a "comp" profile entry.  If  one  is
                 found,  the text of the profile entry is used as the default switch set-
                 ting until all defaults are overridden by explicit  switches  passed  to
                 the     program     as    arguments.     Thus    the    profile    entry
                 "comp: -form standard.list"  would  direct  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp   to   use   the   file
                 "standard.list"  as the message skeleton.  If an explicit form switch is
                 given to the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp command, it will override the switch obtained from the
                 profile.

                      In UNIX, a program may exist under several names, either by linking
                 or  aliasing.   The actual invocation name is used by an _\bM_\bH program when
                 scanning for its profile defaults[3].  Thus, each _\bM_\bH  program  may  have
                 several  names by which it can be invoked, and each name may have a dif-
                 ferent set of default switches.  For example, if _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp is invoked by  the
                 name  _\bi_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, the profile entry "icomp" will control the default switches
                 for this invocation of the  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp  program.   This  provides  a  powerful
                 definitional facility for commonly used switch settings.

                      The default editor for editing within _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,  and  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt,
                 is  usually  _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br, but might be something else at your site, such as
                 /_\bu_\bs_\br/_\bu_\bc_\bb/_\be_\bx or /_\bb_\bi_\bn/_\be.  A different editor may be used by specifying the
                 profile  entry  "Editor:  ".  The argument to "Editor" is the name of an
                 executable program or shell command file which  can  be  found  via  the
                 user's  $PATH defined search path, excluding the current directory.  The
                 "Editor:"  profile  specification  may  in  turn  be  overridden  by   a
                 `-editor <editor>'  profile  switch associated with _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, or
                 _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt.  Finally, an explicit editor switch specified with  any  of  these
                 four commands will have ultimate precedence.

                      During message composition, more than one editor may be used.   For
                 example,  one  editor  (such  as _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br ) may be used initially, and a


                    [2] See _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd (1) in the _\bU_\bN_\bI_\bX _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\be_\br'_\bs _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl [5].
                    [3] Unfortunately, the shell does not preserve  aliasing  information
                 when  calling  a program, hence if a program is invoked by an alias dif-
                 ferent than its name, the program will examine  the  profile  entry  for
                 it's name, not the alias that the user invoked it as.  The correct solu-
                 tion is to create a (soft) link in your $_\bH_\bO_\bM_\bE/_\bb_\bi_\bn directory  to  the  _\bM_\bH
                 program  of  your choice.  By giving this link a different name, you can
                 use an alternate set of defaults for the command.












                                                   -12-


                 second editor may be invoked later to revise the message being  composed
                 (see  the discussion of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp in Section 5 for details).  A profile entry
                 "<lasteditor>-next: <editor>" specifies the name of  the  editor  to  be
                 used  after  a  particular  editor.  Thus "comp: -e prompter" causes the
                 initial text  to  be  collected  by  _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br,  and  the  profile  entry
                 "prompter-next: ed"  names  ed  as the editor to be invoked for the next
                 round of editing.

                      Some of the _\bM_\bH commands, such as _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, can be used on message fold-
                 ers owned by others, if those folders are readable.  However, you cannot
                 write in someone else's folder.  All the _\bM_\bH command actions not  requir-
                 ing write permission may be used with a "read-only" folder.

                      Table 1 lists examples of some of  the  currently  defined  profile
                 entries, typical arguments, and the programs that reference the entries.
















































                                                   -13-


                                                 Table 1

                                            PROFILE COMPONENTS
                          ______________________________________________________

                                                       _\bM_\bH Programs that
                          Keyword and Argument          use Component\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b______________________________________________________

                          Path: Mail                   All
                          Current-Folder: inbox        Most
                          Editor: /usr/ucb/ex          _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl
                          Inbox: inbox                 _\bi_\bn_\bc, _\br_\bm_\bf
                          Msg-Protect: 644             _\bi_\bn_\bc
                          Folder-Protect: 711          _\bi_\bn_\bc, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk, _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
                          <program>: default switches  All
                          prompter-next: ed            _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl
                          ______________________________________________________


                      Path should\b\b\b\b\b\b______ be present.  Current-Folder is maintained automatically
                 by many _\bM_\bH commands (see the Context sections of the individual commands
                 in Sec. IV).  All other entries are optional, defaulting to  the  values
                 described above.


                 _\bM_\bE_\bS_\bS_\bA_\bG_\bE _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bI_\bN_\bG

                      Messages may be referred to explicitly or implicitly when using  _\bM_\bH
                 commands.   A formal syntax of message names is given in Appendix B, but
                 the following description should be sufficient for most _\bM_\bH users.   Some
                 details  of  message  naming  that  apply  only  to certain commands are
                 included in the description of those commands.

                      Most of the _\bM_\bH commands accept arguments  specifying  one  or  more
                 folders,  and  one  or more messages to operate on.  The use of the word
                 "msg" as an argument to a command means that exactly  one  message  name
                 may  be  specified.   A  message name may be a number, such as 1, 33, or
                 234, or it may be one of the  "reserved"  message  names:  first,  last,
                 prev,  next,  and  cur.   (As a shorthand, a period (.) is equivalent to
                 cur.) The meanings of these names are straightforward:  "first"  is  the
                 first  message  in the folder; "last" is the last message in the folder;
                 "prev" is the message  numerically  previous  to  the  current  message;
                 "next"  is  the message numerically following the current message; "cur"
                 (or ".") is the current message in the folder.  In addition, _\bM_\bH supports
                 user-defined-sequences; see the description of the _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command for more
                 information.

                      The default in commands that take a "msg" argument is always "cur".

                      The word "msgs" indicates that several messages may  be  specified.
                 Such  a specification consists of several message designations separated
                 by spaces.  A message designation is either a message name or a  message











                                                   -14-


                 range.   A  message  range is a specification of the form name1-name2 or
                 name1:n, where name1 and name2 are message names and n  is  an  integer.
                 The  first  form  designates  all  the  messages  from  name1  to  name2
                 inclusive; this must be a non-empty range.  The second form specifies up
                 to  n messages, starting with name1 if name1 is a number, or first, cur,
                 or next, and ending with name1 if name1 is last or prev.  This interpre-
                 tation  of  n  is  overridden if n is preceded by a plus sign or a minus
                 sign; +n always means up to n  messages  starting  with  name1,  and  -n
                 always  means  up  to n messages ending with name1.  Repeated specifica-
                 tions of the same message have the same effect as a single specification
                 of the message.  Examples of specifications are:


                     1 5 7-11 22
                     first 6 8 next
                     first-10
                     last:5


                      The message name "all" is a shorthand for "first-last",  indicating
                 all of the messages in the folder.

                      In commands that accept "msgs" arguments, the default is either cur
                 or all, depending on which makes more sense.

                      In all of the _\bM_\bH commands, a plus sign preceding an argument  indi-
                 cates  a folder name.  Thus, "+inbox" is the name of the user's standard
                 inbox.  If an explicit folder argument is given to  an  _\bM_\bH  command,  it
                 will  become the current folder (that is, the "Current-Folder:" entry in
                 the user's profile will be changed to this folder).  In the case of  the
                 _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be  command,  which  can  have multiple output folders, a new source
                 folder  (other  than  the  default  current  folder)  is  specified   by
                 `-src +folder'.


                 _\bO_\bT_\bH_\bE_\bR _\bM_\bH _\bC_\bO_\bN_\bV_\bE_\bN_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN_\bS

                      One very powerful feature of _\bM_\bH is that  the  _\bM_\bH  commands  may  be
                 issued  from any current directory, and the proper path to the appropri-
                 ate folder(s) will be taken from the user's profile.  If the _\bM_\bH path  is
                 not  appropriate for a specific folder or file, the automatic prepending
                 of the _\bM_\bH path can be avoided by beginning a folder or file name with /,
                 or  with  ./  or  ../ component.  Thus any specific absolute path may be
                 specified along with any path relative to the current working directory.

                      Arguments to the various programs may be given in any  order,  with
                 the exception of a few switches whose arguments must follow immediately,
                 such as `-src +folder' for _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be.

                      Whenever an _\bM_\bH command prompts the user, the valid options will  be
                 listed  in  response to a <RETURN>.  (The first of the listed options is
                 the default if end-of-file is encountered, such as from a command file.)











                                                   -15-


                 A  valid  response  is  any  _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bq_\bu_\be  abbreviation  of  one of the listed
                 options.

                      Standard UNIX documentation conventions are used in this report  to
                 describe  _\bM_\bH  command  syntax.  Arguments enclosed in brackets ([ ]) are
                 optional; exactly one of the arguments enclosed within braces ({ }) must
                 be specified, and all other arguments are required.  The use of ellipsis
                 dots (...) indicates zero or more repetitions of the previous item.  For
                 example,  "+folder  ..." would indicate that one or more "+folder" argu-
                 ments is required and "[+folder ...]" indicates that 0 or more "+folder"
                 arguments may be given.

                      _\bM_\bH departs from UNIX standards by using switches  that  consist  of
                 more  than  one  character,  e.g. `-header'.  To minimize typing, only a
                 unique abbreviation of a switch need  be  typed;  thus,  for  `-header',
                 `-hea'  is probably sufficient, depending on the other switches the com-
                 mand accepts.  Each _\bM_\bH program accepts the switch `-help' (which must be
                 spelled  out  fully)  and  produces  a  syntax description and a list of
                 switches.  In the list of switches, parentheses indicate required  char-
                 acters.   For  example,  all  `-help' switches will appear as "-(help)",
                 indicating that no abbreviation is accepted.  Furthermore,  the  `-help'
                 switch tells the version of the _\bM_\bH program you invoked.

                      Many _\bM_\bH switches have both on and off forms, such as `-format'  and
                 `-noformat'.  In many of the descriptions which follow, only one form is
                 defined; the other form, often used to nullify profile switch  settings,
                 is assumed to be the opposite.




































                                                   -16-


                 _\bM_\bH _\bC_\bO_\bM_\bM_\bA_\bN_\bD_\bS

                      The _\bM_\bH package comprises several programs:

                      ali (1)        - list mail aliases
                      anno (1)       - annotate messages
                      bbc (1)        - check on BBoards
                      bboards (1)    - the UCI BBoards facility
                      burst (1)      - explode digests into messages
                      comp (1)       - compose a message
                      dist (1)       - redistribute a message to additional addresses
                      folder (1)     - set/list current folder/message
                      folders (1)    - list all folders
                      forw (1)       - forward messages
                      inc (1)        - incorporate new mail
                      mark (1)       - mark messages
                      mhl (1)        - produce formatted listings of MH messages
                      mhmail (1)     - send or read mail
                      mhook (1)      - MH receive-mail hooks
                      mhparam (1)    - print MH profile components
                      mhpath (1)     - print full pathnames of MH messages and folders
                      msgchk (1)     - check for messages
                      msh (1)        - MH shell (and BBoard reader)
                      next (1)       - show the next message
                      packf (1)      - compress a folder into a single file
                      pick (1)       - select messages by content
                      prev (1)       - show the previous message
                      prompter (1)   - prompting editor front end
                      rcvstore (1)   - incorporate new mail asynchronously
                      refile (1)     - file messages in other folders
                      repl (1)       - reply to a message
                      rmf (1)        - remove folder
                      rmm (1)        - remove messages
                      scan (1)       - produce a one line per message scan listing
                      send (1)       - send a message
                      show (1)       - show (list) messages
                      slocal (1)     - special local mail delivery
                      sortm (1)      - sort messages
                      vmh (1)        - visual front-end to MH
                      whatnow (1)    - prompting front-end for send
                      whom (1)       - report to whom a message would go


                      These programs are described below.  The form of  the  descriptions
            conforms to the standard form for the description of UNIX commands.


















            ALI(1)                            -17-                            ALI(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 ali - list mail aliases

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 ali [-alias aliasfile] [-list] [-nolist] [-normalize]
                      [-nonormalize] [-user] [-nouser] aliases ...  [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bA_\bl_\bi searches the named mail alias  files  for  each  of  the  given
                 _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs.   It  creates  a  list of addresses for those _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs, and
                 writes that list on standard output.   If  the  `-list'  option  is
                 specified,  each address appears on a separate line; otherwise, the
                 addresses are separated by commas and printed on as  few  lines  as
                 possible.

                 The `-user' option directs _\ba_\bl_\bi to  perform  its  processing  in  an
                 inverted  fashion: instead of listing the addresses that each given
                 alias expands to, _\ba_\bl_\bi will list the aliases  that  expand  to  each
                 given  address.   If the `-normalize' switch is given, _\ba_\bl_\bi will try
                 to track down the official hostname of the address.

                 The files specified by the profile entry "Aliasfile:" and any addi-
                 tional  alias  files given by the `-alias aliasfile' switch will be
                 read.  Each _\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs is processed as described in _\bm_\bh-_\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs (5).

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /etc/passwd                         List of users
                 /etc/group                          List of groups


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Aliasfile:           For a default alias file


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh-alias(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-alias /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases'
                 `-nolist'
                 `-nonormalize'
                 `-nouser'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            ALI(1)                            -18-                            ALI(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The `-user' option with `-nonormalize' is not entirely accurate, as
                 it  does  not replace local nicknames for hosts with their official
                 site names.

















































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            ANNO(1)                           -19-                           ANNO(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 anno - annotate messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 anno [+folder] [msgs] [-component field] [-inplace] [-noinplace]
                      [-date] [-nodate] [-text body] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bA_\bn_\bn_\bo annotates the specified messages in the named folder using the
                 field  and body.  Annotation is optionally performed by _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,
                 and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl, to keep track of your distribution of, forwarding of, and
                 replies  to  a  message.   By using _\ba_\bn_\bn_\bo, you can perform arbitrary
                 annotations of your own.  Each message selected will  be  annotated
                 with the lines

                     field: date
                     field: body

                 The `-nodate' switch inhibits the date annotation, leaving only the
                 body  annotation.   The  `-inplace'  switch causes annotation to be
                 done in place in order to preserve links to the annotated message.

                 The field specified should be a valid 822-style message field name,
                 which  means  that  it  should consist of alphanumerics (or dashes)
                 only.  The body specified is arbitrary text.

                 If a `-component field' is not specified when _\ba_\bn_\bn_\bo is invoked, _\ba_\bn_\bn_\bo
                 will prompt the user for the name of field for the annotation.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 dist (1), forw (1), repl (1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to cur
                 `-noinplace'
                 `-date'





            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            ANNO(1)                           -20-                           ANNO(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The first
                 message annotated will become the current message.


















































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BBC(1)                            -21-                            BBC(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 bbc - check on BBoards

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 bbc [bboards ...] [-topics] [-check] [-read] [-quiet] [-verbose]
                      [-archive] [-noarchive] [-protocol] [-noprotocol]
                      [-mshproc program] [switches for _\bm_\bs_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-rcfile rcfile]
                      [-norcfile] [-file BBoardsfile] [-user BBoardsuser] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bb_\bb_\bc is a BBoard reading/checking program  that  interfaces  to  the
                 BBoard channel.

                 The _\bb_\bb_\bc program has three action switches which direct  its  opera-
                 tion:

                 The `-read' switch invokes the _\bm_\bs_\bh program on  the  named  _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs.
                 If  you  also  specify the `-archive' switch, then  _\bb_\bb_\bc will invoke
                 the _\bm_\bs_\bh program on the  archives  of  the  named  _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs.   If  no
                 _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs   are   given  on  the  command  line,  and  you  specified
                 `-archive', _\bb_\bb_\bc will not read your  `bboards'  profile  entry,  but
                 will read the archives of the "system" _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd instead.

                 The `-check' switch types out  status  information  for  the  named
                 _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs.   _\bb_\bb_\bc  can  print one of several messages depending on the
                 status of both the BBoard and the user's reading  habits.  As  with
                 each  of these messages, the number given is the item number of the
                 last item placed in the BBoard.  This number (which  is  marked  in
                 the  messages  as the "BBoard-Id") is ever increasing.  Hence, when
                 _\bb_\bb_\bc says "n items", it really means that the highest  BBoard-Id  is
                 "n".   There  may,  or may not actually be "n" items in the BBoard.
                 Some common messages are:

                      BBoard -- n items unseen
                           This message tells how many items the user  has  not  yet
                           seen.  When invoked with the `-quiet' switch, this is the
                           only informative line that _\bb_\bb_\bc will possibly print out.

                      BBoard -- empty
                           The BBoard is empty.

                      BBoard -- n items (none seen)
                           The BBoard has items in it, but the user hasn't seen any.

                      BBoard -- n items (all seen)
                           The BBoard is non-empty, and the user has seen everything
                           in it.

                      BBoard -- n items seen out of m
                           The BBoard has at most m-n items that the  user  has  not
                           seen.

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BBC(1)                            -22-                            BBC(1)


                 The `-topics' switch directs _\bb_\bb_\bc to print  three  items  about  the
                 named _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs: it's official name, the number of items present, and
                 the date and time of the last update.  If  no  _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs  are  named,
                 then  all  BBoards  are listed.  If the `-verbose' switch is given,
                 more information is output.

                 The `-quiet' switch specifies that  _\bb_\bb_\bc  should  be  silent  if  no
                 _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs  are  found  with  new  information.  The `-verbose' switch
                 specifies that _\bb_\bb_\bc is to consider you to be interested  in  _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs
                 that you've already seen everything in.

                 To override the default _\bm_\bs_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc and  the  profile  entry,  use  the
                 `-mshproc program' switch.  Any arguments not understood by _\bb_\bb_\bc are
                 passed to this program.  The `-protocol' switch tells _\bb_\bb_\bc that your
                 _\bm_\bs_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc  knows  about  the  special _\bb_\bb_\bc protocol for reporting back
                 information.  _\bm_\bs_\bh (1), the default _\bm_\bs_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, knows all about this.

                 The `-file BBoardsfile' switch tells  _\bb_\bb_\bc  to  use  a  non-standard
                 _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs  file  when  performing  its  calculations.  Similarly, the
                 `-user BBoardsuser' switch tells _\bb_\bb_\bc to use  a  non-standard  user-
                 name.   Both  of  these  switches  are  useful  for debugging a new
                 _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs or _\bP_\bO_\bP file.

                 The ._\bb_\bb_\br_\bc file in the user's $HOME directory is used to keep  track
                 of what messages have been read.  The `-rcfile rcfile' switch over-
                 rides the use of ._\bb_\bb_\br_\bc for this purpose.  If the value given to the
                 switch  is  not absolute, (i.e., does not begin with a / ), it will
                 be presumed to start from the current working directory.   If  this
                 switch  is not given (or the `-norcfile' switch is given), then _\bb_\bb_\bc
                 consults the envariable $MHBBRC, and honors it similarly.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 $HOME/.bbrc                         BBoard "current" message information


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 bboards:             To specify interesting BBoards
                 mshproc:             Program to read a given BBoard


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 bbl(1), bboards(1), msh(1)









            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BBC(1)                            -23-                            BBC(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-read'
                 `-noarchive'
                 `-protocol'
                 `bboards' defaults to "system"
                 `-file /usr/spool/bboards/BBoards'
                 `-user bboards'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The `-user' switch takes effect only if  followed  by  the  `-file'
                 switch.





































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BBOARDS(1)                        -24-                        BBOARDS(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 bboards - the UCI BBoards facility

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 bbc [-check] [-read] bboards ...  [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 The home directory of _\bb_\bb_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs is where the BBoard system  is  kept.
                 This documentation describes some of the nuances of the BBoard sys-
                 tem.

                 BBoards, BBoard-IDs
                      A BBoard is just a file containing a group of messages  relat-
                      ing  to the same topic.  These files live in the ~bboards home
                      directory.  Each message in a BBoard file has  in  its  header
                      the  line  "BBoard-Id:  n",  where "n" is an ascending decimal
                      number.  This id-number  is  unique  for  each  message  in  a
                      BBoards  file.   It  should  NOT  be confused with the message
                      number of a message, which can change as messages are  removed
                      from the BBoard.

                 BBoard Handling
                      To read BBoards, use the _\bb_\bb_\bc and _\bm_\bs_\bh programs.  The  _\bm_\bs_\bh  com-
                      mand  is  a  monolithic  program  which contains all the func-
                      tionality of _\bM_\bH in a single program.  The `-check'  switch  to
                      _\bb_\bb_\bc  lets  you check on the status of BBoards, and the `-read'
                      switch tells _\bb_\bb_\bc to invoke _\bm_\bs_\bh to read those BBoards.

                 Creating a BBoard
                      Both public, and private BBoards are supported.   Contact  the
                      mail  address  _\bP_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bM_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\br  if  you'd  like  to  have  a BBoard
                      created.

                 BBoard addresses
                      Each BBoard has associated with it 4 addresses, these are (for
                      the ficticious BBoard called ``hacks''):
                        hacks : The Internet wide distribution list.
                        dist-hacks : The local BBoard.
                        hacks-request : The people responsible for the BBoard at the
                             Internet level.
                        local-hacks-request : The people responsible for the  BBoard
                             locally.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                $HOME/.bbrc                         BBoard information






            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BBOARDS(1)                        -25-                        BBOARDS(1)


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 bboards:             To specify interesting BBoards
                 mshproc:             Program to read a given BBoard


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                bbc(1), bbl(1), bbleader(1), msh(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 The default bboard is "system"


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                None





































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BURST(1)                          -26-                          BURST(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 burst - explode digests into messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 burst [+folder] [msgs] [-inplace] [-noinplace] [-quiet] [-noquiet]
                      [-verbose] [-noverbose] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bB_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt considers the specified messages in the named  folder  to  be
                 Internet digests, and explodes them in that folder.

                 If `-inplace' is given, each digest is replaced by  the  "table  of
                 contents"  for  the digest (the original digest is removed).  _\bB_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt
                 then renumbers all of the messages  following  the  digest  in  the
                 folder  to  make room for each of the messages contained within the
                 digest.  These messages are placed immediately after the digest.

                 If `-noinplace' is given, each digest is  preserved,  no  table  of
                 contents  is produced, and the messages contained within the digest
                 are placed at the end of the folder.  Other messages are  not  tam-
                 pered with in any way.

                 The `-quiet' switch directs _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt to be silent about reporting mes-
                 sages that are not in digest format.

                 The `-verbose' switch directs _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt to tell the  user  the  general
                 actions that it is taking to explode the digest.

                 It turns out that _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt works equally well  on  forwarded  messages
                 and  blind-carbon-copies  as on Internet digests, provided that the
                 former two were generated by _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw or _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Msg-Protect:         To set mode when creating a new message


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 _\bP_\br_\bo_\bp_\bo_\bs_\be_\bd _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bE_\bn_\bc_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bu_\bl_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn (aka RFC-934),
                 inc(1), msh(1), pack(1)







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            BURST(1)                          -27-                          BURST(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to cur
                 `-noinplace'
                 `-noquiet'
                 `-noverbose'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  If  `-in-
                 place'  is  given, then the first message burst becomes the current
                 message.  This leaves the context ready for a _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw of the table  of
                 contents  of the digest, and a _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt to see the first message of the
                 digest.  If `-noinplace' is given, then the first message extracted
                 from  the  first  digest  burst  becomes the current message.  This
                 leaves the context in a similar, but not identical,  state  to  the
                 context achieved when using `-inplace'.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt program enforces a limit on the number of messages  which
                 may be _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt from a single message.  This number is on the order of
                 1000 messages.  There is usually no limit on the number of messages
                 which may reside in the folder after the _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bting.

                 Although _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt uses a sophisticated algorithm  to  determine  where
                 one  encapsulated message ends and another begins, not all digesti-
                 fying programs  use  an  encapsulation  algorithm.   In  degenerate
                 cases, this usually results in _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt finding an encapsulation boun-
                 dary prematurely and splitting a single encapsulated  message  into
                 two or more messages.  These erroneous digestifying programs should
                 be fixed.

                 Furthermore, any text which appears  after  the  last  encapsulated
                 message  is not placed in a seperate message by _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt.  In the case
                 of digestified messages, this text is usally  an  "End  of  digest"
                 string.   As  a result of this possibly un-friendly behavior on the
                 part of _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt, note that when the `-inplace' option is  used,  this
                 trailing  information  is lost.  In practice, this is not a problem
                 since correspondents usually place remarks in  text  prior  to  the
                 first encapsulated message, and this information is not lost.












            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            COMP(1)                           -28-                           COMP(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 comp - compose a message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 comp [+folder] [msg] [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg]
                      [-nodraftfolder] [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-file file]
                      [-form formfile] [-use] [-nouse] [-whatnowproc program]
                      [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp is used to create a new message to be  mailed.   It  copies  a
                 message form to the draft being composed and then invokes an editor
                 on the draft (unless `-noedit' is given, in which case the  initial
                 edit is suppressed).

                 The default message form contains the following elements:

                      To:
                      cc:
                      Subject:
                      --------

                 If the file named "components" exists in the user's  MH  directory,
                 it  will  be  used  instead  of  this  form.  The file specified by
                 `-form formfile' will be used if given.  You may  also  start  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp
                 using the contents of an existing message as the form.  If you sup-
                 ply either a `+folder' or `msg' argument, that message will be used
                 as  the  form.   You  may  not supply both a `-form formfile' and a
                 `+folder' or `msg' argument.  The line of dashes or  a  blank  line
                 must be left between the header and the body of the message for the
                 message to be identified properly when it is sent  (see  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1)).
                 The  switch  `-use'  directs  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp  to  continue editing an already
                 started message.  That is, if a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (or _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl, or  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw )  is
                 terminated without sending the draft, the draft can be edited again
                 via "comp -use".

                 If the draft already exists, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp will ask you as to  the  disposi-
                 tion  of  the  draft.  A reply of quit will abort _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, leaving the
                 draft intact; replace will replace  the  existing  draft  with  the
                 appropriate  form;  list  will  display the draft; use will use the
                 draft for further composition; and  refile +folder  will  file  the
                 draft  in  the  given  folder,  and  give  you a new draft with the
                 appropriate form.  (The `+folder' argument to refile is required.)

                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

                 The `-file file' switch says to use the named file as  the  message
                 draft.

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            COMP(1)                           -29-                           COMP(1)


                 The `-editor editor' switch indicates the editor  to  use  for  the
                 initial  edit.   Upon exiting from the editor, _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp will invoke the
                 _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.  See _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw (1) for  a  discussion  of  available
                 options.   The invocation of this program can be inhibited by using
                 the `-nowhatnowproc' switch.  (In truth of fact, it is the  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw
                 program  which  starts  the  initial edit.  Hence, `-nowhatnowproc'
                 will prevent any edit from occurring.)

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/components        The message skeleton
                 or <mh-dir>/components              Rather than the standard skeleton
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 <mh-dir>/draft                      The draft file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Editor:              To override the default editor
                 Msg-Protect:         To  set  mode  when  creating  a  new  message
                 (draft)
                 fileproc:            Program to refile the message
                 whatnowproc:         Program to ask the "What now?" questions


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 dist(1), forw(1), repl(1), send(1), whatnow(1), mh-profile(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msg' defaults to the current message
                 `-nodraftfolder'
                 `-nouse'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 If _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw, then _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp uses a  built-in  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw,  it
                 does  not  actually  run the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.  Hence, if you define
                 your own _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't call it _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw since  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp  won't  run
                 it.








            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            DIST(1)                           -30-                           DIST(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 dist - redistribute a message to additional addresses

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 dist [+folder] [msg] [-annotate] [-noannotate]
                      [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-form formfile] [-inplace]
                      [-noinplace] [-whatnowproc program] [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bD_\bi_\bs_\bt is similar to _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw.  It prepares  the  specified  message  for
                 redistribution to addresses that (presumably) are not on the origi-
                 nal address list.

                 The default message form contains the following elements:

                      Resent-To:
                      Resent-cc:

                 If the file named "distcomps" exists in the user's MH directory, it
                 will be used instead of this form.  In either case, the file speci-
                 fied by `-form formfile' will be used if given.  The form used will
                 be prepended to the message being resent.

                 If the draft already exists, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt will ask you as to  the  disposi-
                 tion  of  the  draft.  A reply of quit will abort _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, leaving the
                 draft intact; replace will replace the existing draft with a  blank
                 skeleton; and list will display the draft.

                 Only   those   addresses   in   "Resent-To:",   "Resent-cc:",   and
                 "Resent-Bcc:"  will  be sent.  Also, a "Resent-Fcc: folder" will be
                 honored (see _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1)).  Note that with _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, the draft should con-
                 tain  only  "Resent-xxx:"  fields and no body.  The headers and the
                 body of the original message are copied to the draft when the  mes-
                 sage  is sent.  Use care in constructing the headers for the redis-
                 tribution.

                 If the `-annotate' switch is given, the  message being  distributed
                 will be annotated with the lines:

                      Resent: date
                      Resent: addrs

                 where each address list contains as many lines as  required.   This
                 annotation  will  be done only if the message is sent directly from
                 _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt.  If the message is not  sent  immediately  from  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt,  "comp
                 -use"  may be used to re-edit and send the constructed message, but
                 the annotations won't take place.   The  '-inplace'  switch  causes
                 annotation  to  be  done in place in order to preserve links to the
                 annotated message.


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            DIST(1)                           -31-                           DIST(1)


                 See _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (1) for a  description  of  the  `-editor'  and  `-noedit'
                 switches.   Note that while in the editor, the message being resent
                 is available through a link named "@" (assuming the  default  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\b-
                 _\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc ).   In  addition,  the  actual  pathname of the message is
                 stored in the envariable $editalt, and the pathname of  the  folder
                 containing the message is stored in the envariable $mhfolder.

                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

                 Upon exiting from the editor, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt will invoke the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.
                 See _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw (1) for a discussion of available options.  The invoca-
                 tion of this program can be inhibited by using the `-nowhatnowproc'
                 switch.   (In truth of fact, it is the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program which starts
                 the initial edit.  Hence, `-nowhatnowproc' will  prevent  any  edit
                 from occurring.)

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/distcomps         The message skeleton
                 or <mh-dir>/distcomps               Rather than the standard skeleton
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 <mh-dir>/draft                      The draft file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Editor:              To override the default editor
                 fileproc:            Program to refile the message
                 whatnowproc:         Program to ask the "What now?" questions


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 comp(1), forw(1), repl(1), send(1), whatnow(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msg' defaults to cur
                 `-noannotate'
                 `-nodraftfolder'
                 `-noinplace'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The  mes-
                 sage distributed will become the current message.



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            DIST(1)                           -32-                           DIST(1)


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 _\bD_\bi_\bs_\bt originally used headers of the form "Distribute-xxx:"  instead
                 of "Resent-xxx:".  In order to conform with the ARPA Internet stan-
                 dard, RFC-822, the "Resent-xxx:"  form  is  now  used.   _\bD_\bi_\bs_\bt  will
                 recognize  "Distribute-xxx:" type headers and automatically convert
                 them to "Resent-xxx:".


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 _\bD_\bi_\bs_\bt does not _\br_\bi_\bg_\bo_\br_\bo_\bu_\bs_\bl_\by check the message  being  distributed  for
                 adherence  to the transport standard, but _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt called by _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd does.
                 The _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt program will balk (and rightly  so)  at  poorly  formatted
                 messages, and _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt won't correct things for you.

                 If _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw, then _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt uses a  built-in  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw,  it
                 does  not  actually  run the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.  Hence, if you define
                 your own _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't call it _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw since  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt  won't  run
                 it.

                 If your current working directory is not writable, the  link  named
                 "@" is not available.
































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            FOLDER(1)                         -33-                         FOLDER(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 folder, folders - set/list current folder/message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 folder [+folder] [msg] [-all] [-create] [-nocreate] [-print]
                      [-fast] [-nofast] [-header] [-noheader] [-recurse]
                      [-norecurse] [-total] [-nototal] [-list] [-nolist] [-push]
                      [-pop] [-pack] [-nopack] [-verbose] [-noverbose] [-help]

                 folders

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 Since the _\bM_\bH environment is the shell, it is easy to lose track  of
                 the  current  folder  from  day  to  day.  When _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br is given the
                 `-print' switch (the default), _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br will list the current folder,
                 the number of messages in it, the range of the messages (low-high),
                 and the current message within the  folder,  and  will  flag  extra
                 files if they exist.  An example of this summary is:

                 inbox+            has  16 messages (  3- 22); cur=  5.

                 If a `+folder' and/or `msg' are specified,  they  will  become  the
                 current  folder  and/or  message.   By comparison, when a `+folder'
                 argument is given, this corresponds to  a  "cd"  operation  in  the
                 _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl;  when  no  `+folder'  argument  is  given,  this corresponds
                 roughly to a "pwd" operation in the _\bs_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl.

                 If the specified (or default) folder  doesn't  exist,  the  default
                 action  is  to  query  the  user as to whether the folder should be
                 created; when standard input is not a tty, the answer to the  query
                 is assumed to be "yes".

                 Specifying `-create'  will  cause  _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  to  create  new  folders
                 without any query.  (This is the easy way to create an empty folder
                 for use later.) Specifying `-nocreate' will cause  _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  to  exit
                 without creating a non-existant folder.

              _\bM_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bp_\bl_\be _\bF_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br_\bs

                 Specifying `-all' will produce a summary line  for  each  top-level
                 folder  in  the  user's  MH  directory, sorted alphabetically.  (If
                 _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br is invoked by a  name  ending  with  "s"  (e.g.,  _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br_\bs ),
                 `-all'  is  assumed).   Specifying `-recurse' with `-all' will also
                 produce a line for all sub-folders.  These folders are all preceded
                 by  the read-only folders, which occur as "atr-cur-" entries in the
                 user's _\bM_\bH context.  For example,






            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            FOLDER(1)                         -34-                         FOLDER(1)


                 Folder               # of messages ( range )  cur msg (other files)
                 /fsd/rs/m/tacc    has  35 messages (  1- 35); cur= 23.
                 /rnd/phyl/Mail/EP has  82 messages (  1-108); cur= 82.
                 ff                has  no messages.
                 inbox+            has  16 messages (  3- 22); cur=  5.
                 mh                has  76 messages (  1- 76); cur= 70.
                 notes             has   2 messages (  1-  2); cur=  1.
                 ucom              has 124 messages (  1-124); cur=  6; (others).
                           TOTAL=      339 messages in 7 folders

                 The "+" after inbox indicates that it is the current  folder.   The
                 "(others)"  indicates that the folder `ucom' has files which aren't
                 messages.  These files may either be  sub-folders,  or  files  that
                 don't belong under the MH file naming scheme.

                 The header is output if either a `-all' or a  `-header'  switch  is
                 specified; it is suppressed by `-noheader'.  A `-total' switch will
                 produce only the summary line.

                 If `-fast' is given, only the folder name (or names in the case  of
                 `-all')  will  be listed.  (This is faster because the folders need
                 not be read.)

                 If a `+folder' is given along with the `-all' switch, _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  will,
                 in addition to setting the current folder, list the top-level fold-
                 ers for the current folder (with `-norecurse')  or  list  all  sub-
                 folders under the current folder recursively (with `-recurse').  In
                 this case, if a `msg' is also supplied, it will become the  current
                 message of `+folder'.

                 The `-recurse' switch lists each folder recursively, so use of this
                 option  effectively  defeats  the  speed enhancement of the `-fast'
                 option,  since  each  folder  must  be  searched  for   subfolders.
                 Nevertheless, the combination of these options is useful.


              _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg _\ba _\bF_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br

                 The `-pack' switch will compress the message names  in  the  desig-
                 nated folders, removing holes in message numbering.  The `-verbose'
                 switch directs _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br to tell the user the general actions that  it
                 is taking to compress the folder.


              _\bT_\bh_\be _\bF_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk

                 The `-push' switch directs _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br to push the current  folder  onto
                 the  _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk,  and  make  the  `+folder'  argument the current
                 folder.  If `+folder' is not given, the current folder and the  top
                 of the _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk are exchanged.  This corresponds to the "pushd"
                 operation in the _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl.


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            FOLDER(1)                         -35-                         FOLDER(1)


                 The `-pop'  switch  directs  _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  to  discard  the  top  of  the
                 _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk,  after  setting the current folder to that value.  No
                 `+folder' argument is allowed.   This  corresponds  to  the  "popd"
                 operation  in the _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl.  The `-push' switch and the `-pop' switch
                 are mutually exclusive: the last occurrence of either one overrides
                 any  previous occurrence of the other.  Both of these switches also
                 set `-list' by default.

                 The `-list' switch directs _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  to  list  the  contents  of  the
                 _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk.   No `+folder' argument is allowed.  After a success-
                 ful `-push' or `-pop', the `-list' action is taken, unless a `-nol-
                 ist'  switch follows them on the command line.  This corresponds to
                 the "dirs" operation in  the  _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl.   The  `-push',  `-pop',  and
                 `-list' switches turn off `-print'.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Folder-Protect:      To set mode when creating a new folder
                 Folder-Stack:        To determine the folder stack


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 refile(1), mhpath(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msg' defaults to none
                 `-nofast'
                 `-noheader'
                 `-nototal'
                 `-nopack'
                 `-norecurse'
                 `-noverbose'
                 `-print' is the default if no `-list', `-push', or `-pop' is specified
                 `-list' is the default if `-push', or `-pop' is specified


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If `+folder' and/or `msg' are given, they will become  the  current
                 folder and/or message.







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            FOLDER(1)                         -36-                         FOLDER(1)


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 In previous versions of _\bM_\bH, the `-fast'  switch  prevented  context
                 changes  from  occurring for the current folder.  This is no longer
                 the case: if `+folder' is given, then _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br will always change the
                 current folder to that.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 `-all' forces `-header' and `-total'.

                 There is no way to restore the default behavior (to  ask  the  user
                 whether  to  create a non-existant folder) after `-create' or `-no-
                 create' is given.








































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            FORW(1)                           -37-                           FORW(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 forw - forward messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 forw [+folder] [msgs] [-annotate] [-noannotate]
                      [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-filter filterfile]
                      [-form formfile] [-format] [-noformat] [-inplace] [-noinplace]
                      [-whatnowproc program] [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

                 forw [+folder] [msgs] [-digest list] [-issue number]
                      [-volume number] [other switches for _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bF_\bo_\br_\bw may be used to prepare a message  containing  other  messages.
                 It   constructs  the  new  message  from  the  components  file  or
                 `-form formfile'  (see  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp ),  with  a  body  composed   of   the
                 message(s)  to  be forwarded.  An editor is invoked as in _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, and
                 after editing is complete, the user is prompted before the  message
                 is sent.

                 The default message form contains the following elements:

                      To:
                      cc:
                      Subject:
                      --------

                 If the file named "forwcomps" exists in the user's MH directory, it
                 will be used instead of this form.  In either case, the file speci-
                 fied by `-form formfile' will be used if given.

                 If the draft already exists, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw will ask you as to  the  disposi-
                 tion  of  the  draft.  A reply of quit will abort _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, leaving the
                 draft intact; replace will replace the existing draft with a  blank
                 skeleton; and list will display the draft.

                 If the `-annotate' switch is given, each  message  being  forwarded
                 will be annotated with the lines

                      Forwarded: date
                      Forwarded: addrs

                 where each address list contains as many lines as  required.   This
                 annotation  will  be done only if the message is sent directly from
                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw.   If  the  message  is  not  sent  immediately   from   _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,
                 "comp -use"  may  be  used to re-edit and send the constructed mes-
                 sage, but the annotations won't take place.  The '-inplace'  switch
                 causes annotation to be done in place in order to preserve links to
                 the annotated message.


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            FORW(1)                           -38-                           FORW(1)


                 See _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (1) for a  description  of  the  `-editor'  and  `-noedit'
                 switches.

                 Although _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw uses the `-form formfile' switch to direct it how  to
                 construct  the  beginning  of  the draft, the `-filter filterfile',
                 `-format', and `-noformat' switches direct _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw as to how each for-
                 warded  message  should  be formatted in the body of the draft.  If
                 `-noformat' is specified, then each  forwarded  message  is  output
                 exactly  as  it  appears.   If `-format' or `-filter filterfile' is
                 specified, then each forwarded message is  filtered  (re-formatted)
                 prior  to  being  output to the body of the draft.  The filter file
                 for _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw should be a standard form  file  for  _\bm_\bh_\bl,  as  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw  will
                 invoke  _\bm_\bh_\bl  to format the forwarded messages.  The default message
                 filter (what you get with `-format') is:

                      width=80,overflowtext=,overflowoffset=10
                      leftadjust,compress,compwidth=9
                      Date:formatfield="%<(nodate{text})%{text}%|%(tws{text})%>"
                      From:
                      To:
                      cc:
                      Subject:
                      :
                      body:nocomponent,overflowoffset=0,noleftadjust,nocompress

                 If the file named "mhl.forward" exists in the user's MH  directory,
                 it  will  be  used  instead of this form.  In either case, the file
                 specified by `-filter filterfile' will be used if given.   To  sum-
                 marize:  `-noformat' will reproduce each forwarded message exactly,
                 `-format' will use _\bm_\bh_\bl and a default filterfile, "mhl.forward",  to
                 format  each  forwarded  message, and `-filter filterfile' will use
                 the named filterfile to format each forwarded message with _\bm_\bh_\bl.

                 Each forwarded message is separated with an encapsulation delimiter
                 and  dashes  in  the first column of the forwarded messages will be
                 prepended with `- ' so that when received, the message is  suitable
                 for  bursting  by  _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt (1).   This  follows  the Internet RFC-934
                 guidelines.

                 For users of  _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br (1),  by  specifying  prompter's  `-prepend'
                 switch  in  the  .mh_profile  file,  any commentary text is entered
                 before the forwarded messages.  (A major win!)

                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

                 Upon exiting from the editor, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw will invoke the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.
                 See _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw (1) for a discussion of available options.  The invoca-
                 tion of this program can be inhibited by using the `-nowhatnowproc'
                 switch.   (In truth of fact, it is the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program which starts

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            FORW(1)                           -39-                           FORW(1)


                 the initial edit.  Hence, `-nowhatnowproc' will  prevent  any  edit
                 from occurring.)

                 The `-digest list', `-issue number', and `-volume number'  switches
                 implement  a  digest  facility  for  _\bM_\bH.  Specifying these switches
                 enables and/or overloads the following escapes:

                 _\bT_\by_\bp_\be       _\bE_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be  _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn_\bs  _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt  _\bd_\bi_\bg_\be_\bs_\bt  string   Argument to `-digest'
                 _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn   _\bc_\bu_\br     integer  Argument to `-volume'
                 _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn   _\bm_\bs_\bg     integer  Argument to `-issue'

                 Consult the Advanced Features section of the _\bM_\bH User's  Manual  for
                 more information on making digests.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/forwcomps         The message skeleton
                 or <mh-dir>/forwcomps               Rather than the standard skeleton
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/digestcomps       The message skeleton if `-digest' is given
                 or <mh-dir>/digestcomps             Rather than the standard skeleton
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl.forward       The message filter
                 or <mh-dir>/mhl.forward             Rather than the standard filter
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 <mh-dir>/draft                      The draft file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Editor:              To override the default editor
                 Msg-Protect:         To  set  mode  when  creating  a  new  message
                 (draft)
                 fileproc:            Program to refile the message
                 mhlproc:             Program to filter messages being forwarded
                 whatnowproc:         Program to ask the "What now?" questions


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 _\bP_\br_\bo_\bp_\bo_\bs_\be_\bd _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bE_\bn_\bc_\ba_\bp_\bs_\bu_\bl_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn (aka RFC-934),
                 comp(1), dist(1), repl(1), send(1), whatnow(1), mh-format(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to cur
                 `-noannotate'
                 `-nodraftfolder'
                 `-noformat'
                 `-noinplace'



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            FORW(1)                           -40-                           FORW(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The first
                 message forwarded will become the current message.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 If _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw, then _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw uses a  built-in  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw,  it
                 does  not  actually  run the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.  Hence, if you define
                 your own _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't call it _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw since  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw  won't  run
                 it.

                 When _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw is told to annotate the messages it forwards, it  doesn't
                 actually  annotate  them  until the draft is successfully sent.  If
                 from the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, you _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh instead of _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd,  it's  possible  to
                 confuse   _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw   by   re-ordering   the   file   (e.g.,   by  using
                 `folder -pack') before the message is successfully sent.  _\bD_\bi_\bs_\bt  and
                 _\br_\be_\bp_\bl don't have this problem.

                 To avoid prepending the leading dash characters in  forwarded  mes-
                 sages,  there  is  a  `-nodashmunging'  option.   See  the  "Hidden
                 Features" section of the _\bM_\bH _\bA_\bd_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bi_\bs_\bt_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br'_\bs _\bG_\bu_\bi_\bd_\be for more details.
































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            INC(1)                            -41-                            INC(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 inc - incorporate new mail

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 inc [+folder] [-audit audit-file] [-noaudit] [-changecur]
                      [-nochangecur] [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-file name] [-silent] [-nosilent] [-truncate] [-notruncate]
                      [-width columns] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bI_\bn_\bc incorporates mail from the user's incoming mail drop into an _\bM_\bH
                 folder.   If  `+folder'  isn't specified, a folder in the user's _\bM_\bH
                 directory will be used, either that specified by the "Inbox:" entry
                 in  the  user's profile, or the folder named "inbox".  The new mes-
                 sages being incorporated are assigned  numbers  starting  with  the
                 next  highest  number in the folder.  If the specified (or default)
                 folder doesn't exist, the user will be queried prior to  its  crea-
                 tion.   As  the  messages  are processed, a _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn listing of the new
                 mail is produced.

                 If the user's profile contains a "Msg-Protect: nnn" entry, it  will
                 be  used as the protection on the newly created messages, otherwise
                 the _\bM_\bH default of 0644 will be used.  During all operations on mes-
                 sages,  this  initially  assigned  protection will be preserved for
                 each message, so _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1) may be used to set  a  protection  on  an
                 individual   message,   and   its   protection  will  be  preserved
                 thereafter.

                 If the  switch  `-audit audit-file'  is  specified  (usually  as  a
                 default  switch in the profile), then _\bi_\bn_\bc will append a header line
                 and a line per message to the end of the specified audit-file  with
                 the format:

                      <<inc>> date
                           <scan line for first message>
                           <scan line for second message>
                                     <etc.>

                 This is useful for keeping track of volume and source  of  incoming
                 mail.   Eventually,  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl,  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,  and _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt may also produce
                 audits to this (or another) file, perhaps with "Message-Id:" infor-
                 mation  to keep an exact correspondence history.  "Audit-file" will
                 be in the user's MH directory unless a full path is specified.

                 _\bI_\bn_\bc will incorporate even improperly formatted  messages  into  the
                 user's  MH  folder,  inserting  a blank line prior to the offending
                 component and printing a comment identifying the bad message.

                 In all cases, the user's mail  drop  will  be  zeroed,  unless  the
                 `-notruncate' switch is given.


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            INC(1)                            -42-                            INC(1)


                 If the profile entry "Unseen-Sequence" is  present  and  non-empty,
                 then  _\bi_\bn_\bc  will add each of the newly incorporated messages to each
                 sequence named by the  profile  entry.   This  is  similar  to  the
                 "Previous-Sequence"  profile  entry  supported  by  all _\bM_\bH commands
                 which take `msgs' or `msg' arguments.  Note that _\bi_\bn_\bc will not  zero
                 each sequence prior to adding messages.

                 The interpretation of the `-form formatfile', `-format string', and
                 `-width columns' switches is the same as in _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn (1).

                 By using the `-file name' switch, one can direct _\bi_\bn_\bc to incorporate
                 messages from a file other than the user's maildrop.  Note that the
                 name file will NOT be zeroed,  unless  the  `-truncate'  switch  is
                 given.

                 If the envariable $MAILDROP is set, then _\bi_\bn_\bc uses it as  the  loca-
                 tion  of  the  user's  maildrop  instead  of  the  default  (the `-
                 file name' switch still overrides this, however).  If this  envari-
                 able is not set, then _\bi_\bn_\bc will consult the profile entry "MailDrop"
                 for this information.  If the value found is not absolute, then  it
                 is  interpreted  relative to the user's _\bM_\bH directory.  If the value
                 is not found, then _\bi_\bn_\bc will look in the  standard  system  location
                 for the user's maildrop.

                 The `-silent' switch directs _\bi_\bn_\bc to be quiet and not ask any  ques-
                 tions at all.  This is useful for putting _\bi_\bn_\bc in the background and
                 going on to other things.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file
                 /usr/spool/mail/$USER               Location of mail drop


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Alternate-Mailboxes: To determine the user's mailboxes
                 Inbox:               To determine the inbox, default "inbox"
                 Folder-Protect:      To set mode when creating a new folder
                 Msg-Protect:         To set mode when creating a  new  message  and
                 audit-file
                 Unseen-Sequence:     To name sequences denoting unseen messages


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mhmail(1), scan(1), mh-mail(5), post(8)







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            INC(1)                            -43-                            INC(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaulted by "Inbox" above
                 `-noaudit'
                 `-changecur'
                 `-format' defaulted as described above
                 `-nosilent'
                 `-truncate' if `-file name' not given, `-notruncate' otherwise
                 `-width' defaulted to the width of the terminal


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 The folder into which messages are being incorporated  will  become
                 the current folder.  The first message incorporated will become the
                 current message, unless the  `-nochangecur'  option  is  specified.
                 This leaves the context ready for a _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw of the first new message.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-format' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle  token by the shell that invokes _\bi_\bn_\bc.  Therefore, one must usu-
                 ally place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.
































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MARK(1)                           -44-                           MARK(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mark - mark messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 mark [+folder] [msgs] [-sequence name ...] [-add] [-delete] [-list]
                      [-public] [-nopublic] [-zero] [-nozero] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 The _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command manipulates message sequences by adding or  delet-
                 ing  message  numbers from folder-specific message sequences, or by
                 listing those sequences and messages.  A message sequence is a key-
                 word,  just  like  one  of  the  "reserved"  message names, such as
                 "first" or "next".  Unlike the "reserved" message names, which have
                 a fixed semantics on a per-folder basis, the semantics of a message
                 sequence may be defined, modified, and removed by the  user.   Mes-
                 sage  sequences are folder-specific, e.g., the sequence name "seen"
                 in the context of folder "+inbox" need not have any relation  what-
                 soever  to the sequence of the same name in a folder of a different
                 name.

                 Three action switches direct the operation of _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk.  These switches
                 are  mutually  exclusive:  the last occurrence of any of them over-
                 rides any previous occurrence of the other two.

                 The `-add' switch tells _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk to add messages  to  sequences  or  to
                 create   a   new   sequence.   For  each  sequence  named  via  the
                 `-sequence name' argument (which must occur at least once) the mes-
                 sages  named  via  `msgs' (which defaults to "cur" if no `msgs' are
                 given), are added to the sequence.  The messages to be  added  need
                 not  be  absent from the sequence.  If the `-zero' switch is speci-
                 fied, the sequence will be emptied prior to  adding  the  messages.
                 Hence,  `-add -zero' means that each sequence should be initialized
                 to the indicated messages, while  `-add -nozero'  means  that  each
                 sequence should be appended to by the indicated messages.

                 The `-delete' switch tells _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk to delete messages from  sequences,
                 and  is  the  dual of `-add'.  For each of the named sequences, the
                 named messages are removed from the sequence.  These messages  need
                 not  be  already present in the sequence.  If the `-zero' switch is
                 specified, then all messages in the  folder  are  appended  to  the
                 sequence  prior  to  removing the messages.  Hence, `-delete -zero'
                 means that each sequence should contain all messages  except  those
                 indicated,  while  `-delete -nozero'  means that only the indicated
                 messages should be removed from each sequence.   As  expected,  the
                 command   `mark -sequence seen -delete all'  deletes  the  sequence
                 "seen" from the current folder.

                 When creating (or modifying) a sequence, the `-public' switch indi-
                 cates that the sequence should be made readable for other _\bM_\bH users.
                 In contrast, the `-nopublic' switch  indicates  that  the  sequence
                 should be private to the user's _\bM_\bH environment.

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            MARK(1)                           -45-                           MARK(1)


                 The `-list' switch tells _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk to list both  the  sequences  defined
                 for  the  folder  and the messages associated with those sequences.
                 _\bM_\ba_\br_\bk will list the name of each sequence given by  `-sequence name'
                 and  the  messages  associated  with that sequence.  If `-sequence'
                 isn't used, all sequences will be listed,  with  private  sequences
                 being  so indicated.  The `-zero' switch does not affect the opera-
                 tion of `-list'.

                 The current restrictions on sequences are:

                   The name used to denote a message sequence  must  consist  of  an
                   alphabetic  character followed by zero or more alphanumeric char-
                   acters, and cannot be one of the (reserved) message names  "new",
                   "first", "last", "all", "next", or "prev".

                   Only a certain number of sequences may be  defined  for  a  given
                   folder.   This  number is usually limited to 26 (10 on small sys-
                   tems).

                   Message ranges with user-defined sequence names are restricted to
                   the  form  "name:n"  or "name:-n", and refer to the first or last
                   `n' messages of the sequence `name', respectively.  Constructs of
                   the form "name1-name2" are forbidden.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                pick (1), mh-sequence (5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `-add' if `-sequence' is specified, `-list' otherwise
                 `msgs' defaults to cur (or all if `-list' is specified)
                 `-nopublic' if the folder is read-only, `-public' otherwise
                 `-nozero'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.

            _\bH_\be_\bl_\bp_\bf_\bu_\bl _\bH_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bs

                 Use "pick sequence -list" to enumerate the messages in  a  sequence
                 (such as for use by a shell script).

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            MARK(1)                           -46-                           MARK(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mhl - produce formatted listings of MH messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl [-bell] [-nobell] [-clear] [-noclear]
                      [-folder +folder] [-form formfile] [-length lines]
                      [-width columns] [-moreproc program] [-nomoreproc] [files ...]
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bM_\bh_\bl is a formatted message listing program.  It can be  used  as  a
                 replacement  for  _\bm_\bo_\br_\be (1)  (the default _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc ).  As with _\bm_\bo_\br_\be,
                 each of the messages specified as arguments (or the standard input)
                 will  be  output.   If more than one message file is specified, the
                 user will be prompted prior to each one, and a  <RETURN>  or  <EOT>
                 will  begin  the  output,  with  <RETURN>  clearing  the screen (if
                 appropriate), and <EOT> (usually  CTRL-D)  suppressing  the  screen
                 clear.  An <INTERRUPT> (usually CTRL-C) will abort the current mes-
                 sage output, prompting for the next message (if there is one),  and
                 a  <QUIT> (usually CTRL-\) will terminate the program (without core
                 dump).

                 The `-bell' option tells _\bm_\bh_\bl to ring the terminal's bell at the end
                 of  each  page,  while  the  `-clear' option tells _\bm_\bh_\bl to clear the
                 scree at the end of each page (or output a formfeed after each mes-
                 sage).   Both  of  these  switches (and their inverse counterparts)
                 take effect only if the  profile  entry  _\bm_\bo_\br_\be_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc  is  defined  but
                 empty,  and _\bm_\bh_\bl is outputting to a terminal.  If the _\bm_\bo_\br_\be_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc entry
                 is defined and non-empty, and _\bm_\bh_\bl is outputting to a terminal, then
                 _\bm_\bh_\bl  will  cause the _\bm_\bo_\br_\be_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc to be placed between the terminal and
                 _\bm_\bh_\bl and the switches are ignored.   Furthermore,  if  the  `-clear'
                 switch is used and _\bm_\bh_\bl'_\bs output is directed to a terminal, then _\bm_\bh_\bl
                 will consult the $TERM and $TERMCAP envariables  to  determine  the
                 user's  terminal type in order to find out how to clear the screen.
                 If the `-clear' switch is used and _\bm_\bh_\bl'_\bs output is not directed  to
                 a  terminal (e.g., a pipe or a file), then _\bm_\bh_\bl will send a formfeed
                 after each message.

                 To override the default _\bm_\bo_\br_\be_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc and the  profile  entry,  use  the
                 `-moreproc program'  switch.   Note  that  _\bm_\bh_\bl  will  never start a
                 _\bm_\bo_\br_\be_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc if invoked on a hardcopy terminal.

                 The `-length length' and `-width width'  switches  set  the  screen
                 length  and width, respectively.  These default to the values indi-
                 cated by $TERMCAP, if appropriate, otherwise they default to 40 and
                 80, respectively.

                 The default format file used by _\bm_\bh_\bl is called _\bm_\bh_\bl._\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (which  is
                 first  searched  for in the user's _\bM_\bH directory, and then sought in
                 the /_\bu_\bs_\br/_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl/_\bl_\bi_\bb/_\bm_\bh directory), this can be changed by using  the
                 `-form formatfile' switch.

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            MHL(1)                            -47-                            MHL(1)


                 Finally, the `-folder +folder' switch  sets  the  _\bM_\bH  folder  name,
                 which  is  used  for the "messagename:" field described below.  The
                 envariable $mhfolder is consulted  for  the  default  value,  which
                 _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt, and _\bp_\br_\be_\bv initialize appropriately.

                 _\bM_\bh_\bl operates in two phases: 1) read and parse the format file,  and
                 2)  process  each  message  (file).   During  phase  1, an internal
                 description of the format is produced as  a  structured  list.   In
                 phase  2,  this list is walked for each message, outputting message
                 information under the format constraints from the format file.

                 The "mhl.format" form file contains information controlling  screen
                 clearing,  screen size, wrap-around control, transparent text, com-
                 ponent ordering, and component formatting.  Also, a  list  of  com-
                 ponents  to ignore may be specified, and a couple of "special" com-
                 ponents are defined to provide added functionality.  Message output
                 will be in the order specified by the order in the format file.

                 Each line of mhl.format has one of the formats:

                      ;comment
                      :cleartext
                      variable[,variable...]
                      component:[variable,...]

                 A line beginning with a `;' is a comment, and is ignored.   A  line
                 beginning with a `:' is clear text, and is output exactly as is.  A
                 line containing only a `:' produces a blank line in the output.   A
                 line  beginning with "component:" defines the format for the speci-
                 fied component, and finally,  remaining  lines  define  the  global
                 environment.

                 For example, the line:

                      width=80,length=40,clearscreen,overflowtext="***",overflowoffset=5

                 defines the screen size to be 80 columns by 40 rows, specifies that
                 the screen should be cleared prior to each page, that the  overflow
                 indentation  is  5,  and  that overflow text should be flagged with
                 "***".

                 Following are all of the current variables and their arguments.  If
                 they  follow a component, they apply only to that component, other-
                 wise, their affect is global.  Since the  whole  format  is  parsed
                 before  any output processing, the last global switch setting for a
                 variable applies to the whole message if that variable is used in a
                 global context (i.e., bell, clearscreen, width, length).

                      _\bv_\ba_\br_\bi_\ba_\bb_\bl_\be       _\bt_\by_\bp_\be       _\bs_\be_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bt_\bi_\bc_\bs
                      width          integer    screen width or component width
                      length         integer    screen length or component length
                      offset         integer    positions to indent "component: "

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHL(1)                            -48-                            MHL(1)


                      overflowtext   string     text to use at the beginning of an
                                                overflow line
                      overflowoffset integer    positions to indent overflow lines
                      compwidth      integer    positions to indent component text
                                                after the first line is output
                      uppercase      flag       output text of this component in all
                                                upper case
                      nouppercase    flag       don't uppercase
                      clearscreen    flag/G     clear the screen prior to each page
                      noclearscreen  flag/G     don't clearscreen
                      bell           flag/G     ring the bell at the end of each page
                      nobell         flag/G     don't bell
                      component      string/L   name to use instead of "component" for
                                                this component
                      nocomponent    flag       don't output "component: " for this
                                                component
                      center         flag       center component on line (works for
                                                one-line components only)
                      nocenter       flag       don't center
                      leftadjust     flag       strip off leading whitespace on each
                                                line of text
                      noleftadjust   flag       don't leftadjust
                      compress       flag       change newlines in text to spaces
                      nocompress     flag       don't compress
                      split          flag       don't combine multiple fields into a single field
                      nosplit        flag       combine multiple fields into a single field
                      newline        flag       print newline at end of components (default)
                      nonewline      flag       don't print newline at end of components
                      formatfield    string     format string for this component (see below)
                      addrfield      flag       field contains addresses
                      datefield      flag       field contains dates

                 To specify the value of integer-valued and string-valued variables,
                 follow   their   name   with   an   equals-sign   and   the  value.
                 Integer-valued  variables   are   given   decimal   values,   while
                 string-valued  variables  are  given  arbitrary  text  bracketed by
                 double-quotes.  If a value is suffixed by "/G" or  "/L",  then  its
                 value  is  useful  in  a global-only or local-only context (respec-
                 tively).

                 A line of the form:

                     ignores=component,...

                 specifies a list of components which are never output.

                 The component  "MessageName"  (case-insensitive)  will  output  the
                 actual  message name (file name) preceded by the folder name if one
                 is specified or found in the environment.  The format is  identical
                 to that produced by the `-header' option to _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw.

                 The component "Extras" will output all of  the  components  of  the

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHL(1)                            -49-                            MHL(1)


                 message  which were not matched by explicit components, or included
                 in the ignore list.  If this component is not specified, an  ignore
                 list  is  not  needed  since  all  non-specified components will be
                 ignored.

                 If "nocomponent" is NOT specified, then the component name will  be
                 output as it appears in the format file.

                 The default format is:

                      : -- using template mhl.format --
                      overflowtext="***",overflowoffset=5
                      leftadjust,compwidth=9
                      ignores=msgid,message-id,received
                      Date:formatfield="%<(nodate{text})%{text}%|%(pretty{text})%>"
                      To:
                      cc:
                      :
                      From:
                      Subject:
                      :
                      extras:nocomponent
                      :
                      body:nocomponent,overflowtext=,overflowoffset=0,noleftadjust

                 The  variable  "formatfield"  specifies  a   format   string   (see
                 _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5)).   The  flag  variables  "addrfield" and "datefield"
                 (which are mutually exclusive), tell _\bm_\bh_\bl to interpret  the  escapes
                 in the format string as either addresses or dates, respectively.

                 By default, _\bm_\bh_\bl does not apply any formatting string to fields con-
                 taining  address  or  dates  (see  _\bm_\bh-_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl (5)  for a list of these
                 fields).  Note that this results in faster operation since _\bm_\bh_\bl must
                 parse both addresses and dates in order to apply a format string to
                 them.  If desired, _\bm_\bh_\bl can be given a  default  format  string  for
                 either  address  or  date  fields (but not both).  To do this, on a
                 global line specify: either the flag addrfield or datefield,  along
                 with the apropriate formatfield variable string.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl.format        The message template
                 or <mh-dir>/mhl.format              Rather than the standard template
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 moreproc:            Program to use as interactive front-end


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 show(1), ap(8), dp(8)


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHL(1)                            -50-                            MHL(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-bell'
                 `-noclear'
                 `-length 40'
                 `-width 80'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 There should be some way to pass `bell' and `clear' information  to
                 the front-end.

                 On hosts where _\bM_\bH was configured  with  the  BERK  option,  address
                 parsing is not enabled.

                 The "nonewline" option interacts badly with "compress" and "split".


































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHMAIL(1)                         -51-                         MHMAIL(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mhmail - send or read mail

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 mhmail [ addrs ... [-body text] [-cc addrs ...] [-from addr]
                      [-subject subject]] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bM_\bH_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl is intended as a replacement for the standard Bell mail pro-
                 gram  (_\bb_\be_\bl_\bl_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl (1)),  compatible  with  _\bM_\bH.   When invoked without
                 arguments, it simply invokes _\bi_\bn_\bc (1) to  incorporate  new  messages
                 from  the  user's maildrop.  When one or more users is specified, a
                 message is read from the standard input and spooled to a  temporary
                 file.   _\bM_\bH_\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl then invokes _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8) with the name of the temporary
                 file as its argument to deliver the message to the specified user.

                 The `-subject subject' switch can be used to specify the "Subject:"
                 field  of  the  message.   The  `-body text'  switch can be used to
                 specify the text of the message; if it is specified, then the stan-
                 dard input is not read.  Normally, addresses appearing as arguments
                 are put in the "To:" field.  If  the  `-cc'  switch  is  used,  all
                 addresses following it are placed in the "cc:" field.

                 By using `-from addr', you can specify the "From:"  header  of  the
                 draft.    Naturally,   _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt   will  fill-in  the  "Sender:"  header
                 correctly.

                 This program is intended for the use of programs  such  as  _\ba_\bt (1),
                 which  expect  to  send  mail automatically to various users.  Nor-
                 mally, real people (as opposed to the "unreal" ones) will prefer to
                 use _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (1) and _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1) to send messages.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/inc                      Program to incorporate a maildrop into a folder
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/post              Program to deliver a message
                 /tmp/mhmail*                        Temporary copy of message


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 inc(1), post(8)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 None




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHMAIL(1)                         -52-                         MHMAIL(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If _\bi_\bn_\bc is invoked, then _\bi_\bn_\bc's context changes occur.



















































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHOOK(1)                          -53-                          MHOOK(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mhook, rcvdist, rcvpack, rcvtty  - MH receive-mail hooks

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/rcvdist [-form formfile] [switches for _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc]
                      address ...  [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/rcvpack file [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/rcvtty [command] [-form formatfile]
                      [-format string] [-bell] [-nobell] [-newline] [-nonewline]
                      [-biff] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 A receive-mail hook is a program that is run whenever you receive a
                 mail message.  You do NOT invoke the hook yourself, rather the hook
                 is invoked on your behalf by your system's Message Transport Agent.
                 See _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl (1) for details on how to activate receive-mail hooks on
                 your system.

                 Four programs are  currently  available  as  part  of  _\bM_\bH,  _\br_\bc_\bv_\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt
                 (redistribute  incoming messages to additional recipients), _\br_\bc_\bv_\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk
                 (save incoming messages in a _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf'd file), and _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by (notify user
                 of   incoming  messages).   The  fourth  program,  _\br_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be (1)  is
                 described separately.  They all reside  in  the  /_\bu_\bs_\br/_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl/_\bl_\bi_\bb/_\bm_\bh/
                 directory.

                 The _\br_\bc_\bv_\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt program will resend a copy of the message to all of the
                 addresses  listed  on  its command line.  It uses the format string
                 facility described in _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5).

                 The _\br_\bc_\bv_\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk program will append a copy of the message to  the  file
                 listed  on  its  command  line.  Its use is obsoleted by the "file"
                 action of _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl.

                 The _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by program executes the named file with the message as  its
                 standard input, and writes the resulting output on your terminal.

                 If no file is specified,  or  is  bogus,  etc.,  then  _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by  will
                 instead    write    a    one-line   scan   listing.    Either   the
                 `-form formatfile' or `-format string' option may be used to  over-
                 ride  the  default output format (see _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5)).  A newline is
                 output before the message output, and the  terminal  bell  is  rung
                 after  the  output.   The  `-nonewline'  and `-nobell' options will
                 inhibit these functions.

                 In addition to the  standard  _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5)  escapes,  _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by  also
                 recognizes the following additional _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt escapes:




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHOOK(1)                          -54-                          MHOOK(1)


                 _\bE_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be    _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn_\bs  _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 body      string   the (compressed) first part of the body
                 dtimenow  date     the current date
                 folder    string   the name of the current folder

                 Normally, _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by obeys write permission  as  granted  by  _\bm_\be_\bs_\bg (1).
                 With  the  `-biff' option, _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by will obey the notification status
                 set by _\bb_\bi_\bf_\bf (1) instead.  If the terminal access daemon  (TTYD)  is
                 available  on  your system, then _\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by will give its output to the
                 daemon for output instead of writing on the user's terminal.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file
                 $HOME/.maildelivery                 The file controlling local delivery
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/maildelivery      Rather than the standard file


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 rcvstore (1), mh-format(5), slocal(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Only two return codes are meaningful, others should be.






























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHPARAM(1)                        -55-                        MHPARAM(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mhparam - print MH profile components

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 mhparam [components] [-all] [-component] [-nocomponent] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bM_\bh_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm writes the value of the specified profile component to  the
                 standard output separated by newlines.  If the profile component is
                 not present, the default value (or nothing if there is no  default)
                 is printed.

                 If more than one component is specified in the  `components'  list,
                 the  component  value is preceded by the component name.  If `-com-
                 ponent' is specified, the component name  is  displayed  even  when
                 only  one  component is specified.  If `-nocomponent' is specified,
                 the component name is not displayed even when more  than  one  com-
                 ponent is specified.

                 If `-all' is specified,  all  components  if  the  MH  profile  are
                 displayed and other arguments are ignored.

                 Examples:

                      % mhparam path
                      Mail

                      % mhparam mhlproc
                      /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl

                      % mhparam -component path
                      Path:       Mail

                      % mhparam AliasFile rmmproc
                      AliasFile:  aliases
                      rmmproc:    rmmproc

                      % mhparam -nocomponent AliasFile rmmproc
                      aliases
                      rmmproc

                 _\bM_\bh_\bp_\ba_\br_\ba_\bm is also useful in back-quoted operations:

                      % fgrep cornell.edu `mhpath +`/`mhparam aliasfile`


            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHPARAM(1)                        -56-                        MHPARAM(1)


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh-profile(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-nocomponent' if only one component is specified
                 `-component' if more than one component is specified
                 `components' defaults to none


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None









































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHPATH(1)                         -57-                         MHPATH(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mhpath - print full pathnames of MH messages and folders

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 mhpath [+folder] [msgs] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bM_\bh_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh expands and sorts the message list  `msgs'  and  writes  the
                 full  pathnames of the messages to the standard output separated by
                 newlines.  If no `msgs' are specified, _\bm_\bh_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh  outputs  the  folder
                 pathname  instead.   If  the  only argument is `+', your MH _\bP_\ba_\bt_\bh is
                 output; this can be useful is shell scripts.

                 Contrasted with other MH commands, a message argument to _\bm_\bh_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh may
                 often be intended for _\bw_\br_\bi_\bt_\bi_\bn_\bg.  Because of this:

                 1) the name "new" has been added to _\bm_\bh_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh's list of reserved  mes-
                 sage  names (the others are "first", "last", "prev", "next", "cur",
                 and "all").  The new message is equivalent to the message after the
                 last  message  in a folder (and equivalent to 1 in a folder without
                 messages).  The "new" message may not be used as part of a  message
                 range.

                 2) Within a message list, the following designations may  refer  to
                 messages that do not exist: a single numeric message name, the sin-
                 gle message name "cur", and (obviously)  the  single  message  name
                 "new".   All  other message designations must refer to at least one
                 existing message.

                 3) An empty folder is not in itself an error.

                 Message numbers greater than the  highest  existing  message  in  a
                 folder  as  part  of a range designation are replaced with the next
                 free message number.

                 Examples: The current folder foo contains messages 3 5 6.   Cur  is
                 4.

                      % mhpath
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo

                      % mhpath all
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/3
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/5
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/6

                      % mhpath 2001
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/7

                      % mhpath 1-2001
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/3

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHPATH(1)                         -58-                         MHPATH(1)


                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/5
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/6

                      % mhpath new
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/7

                      % mhpath last new
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/6
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/7

                      % mhpath last-new
                      bad message list "last-new".

                      % mhpath cur
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/4

                      % mhpath 1-2
                      no messages in range "1-2".

                      % mhpath first:2
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/3
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/5

                      % mhpath 1 2
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/1
                      /r/phyl/Mail/foo/2

                 _\bM_\bH_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh is also useful in back-quoted operations:

                      % cd `mhpath +inbox`

                      % echo `mhpath +`
                      /r/phyl/Mail

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 folder(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to none



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MHPATH(1)                         -59-                         MHPATH(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Like all MH commands, _\bm_\bh_\bp_\ba_\bt_\bh expands and sorts  [msgs].   So  don't
                 expect

                      mv `mhpath 501 500`

                 to move 501 to 500.  Quite the reverse.  But

                      mv `mhpath 501` `mhpath 500`

                 will do the trick.

                 Out of range message 0 is treated far more severely than large  out
                 of range message numbers.



































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MSGCHK(1)                         -60-                         MSGCHK(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 msgchk - check for messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 msgchk [-date] [-nodate] [-notify all/mail/nomail]
                      [-nonotify all/mail/nomail] [users ...] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 The _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk program checks all known mail drops for mail waiting for
                 you.  For those drops which have mail for you, _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk will indicate
                 if it believes that you have seen the mail in question before.

                 The `-notify type' switch indicates under what circumstances _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk
                 should  produce a message.  The default is `-notify all' which says
                 that _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk should always report the status of the users  maildrop.
                 Other  values  for  `type'  include  `mail'  which says that _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk
                 should report the status of waiting mail; and, `nomail' which  says
                 that  _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk  should  report  the  status  of empty maildrops.  The
                 `-nonotify type' switch has the inverted sense, so  `-nonotify all'
                 directs  _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk  to  never report the status of maildrops.  This is
                 useful if the  user  wishes  to  check  _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk's  exit  status.   A
                 non-zero  exit  status  indicates  that mail was not waiting for at
                 least one of the indicated users.

                 If _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk produces output, then the `-date' switch  directs  _\bm_\bs_\bg_\bc_\bh_\bk
                 to  print  out  the  last date mail was read, if this can be deter-
                 mined.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file
                 /usr/spool/mail/$USER               Location of mail drop


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 inc(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `user' defaults to the current user
                 `-date'
                 `-notify all'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MSGCHK(1)                         -61-                         MSGCHK(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 msh - MH shell (and BBoard reader)

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 msh [-prompt string] [-scan] [-noscan] [-topcur] [-notopcur] [file]
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bm_\bs_\bh is an interactive program that implements a subset of the  nor-
                 mal _\bM_\bH commands operating on a single file in _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf'd format.  That
                 is, _\bm_\bs_\bh is used to read a file that contains a number of  messages,
                 as  opposed  to the standard _\bM_\bH style of reading a number of files,
                 each file being a separate message in a folder.  _\bm_\bs_\bh's chief advan-
                 tage is that the normal _\bM_\bH style does not allow a file to have more
                 than one message in it.  Hence, _\bm_\bs_\bh is ideal for  reading  _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs,
                 as  these  files are delivered by the transport system in this for-
                 mat.  In addition, _\bm_\bs_\bh can be used on other files, such as  message
                 archives  which  have been _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bked (see _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf (1)).  Finally, _\bm_\bs_\bh is
                 an excellent _\bM_\bH tutor.  As the only commands available to the  user
                 are  _\bM_\bH  commands,  this  allows _\bM_\bH beginners to concentrate on how
                 commands to _\bM_\bH are formed and (more or less) what they mean.

                 When invoked, _\bm_\bs_\bh reads the named file, and enters a command  loop.
                 The  user  may type most of the normal _\bM_\bH commands.  The syntax and
                 semantics of these commands typed to _\bm_\bs_\bh are identical to their  _\bM_\bH
                 counterparts.   In  cases  where  the nature of _\bm_\bs_\bh would be incon-
                 sistent (e.g., specifying a `+folder' with some commands), _\bm_\bs_\bh will
                 duly inform the user.  The commands that _\bm_\bs_\bh currently supports (in
                 some slightly modified or restricted forms) are:

                      ali
                      burst
                      comp
                      dist
                      folder
                      forw
                      inc
                      mark
                      mhmail
                      msgchk
                      next
                      packf
                      pick
                      prev
                      refile
                      repl
                      rmm
                      scan
                      send
                      show
                      sortm

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MSH(1)                            -62-                            MSH(1)


                      whatnow
                      whom

                 In addition, _\bm_\bs_\bh has a "help" command which gives a brief overview.
                 To  terminate  _\bm_\bs_\bh, type CTRL-D, or use the "quit" command.  If _\bm_\bs_\bh
                 is being invoked from _\bb_\bb_\bc, then typing CTRL-D will also tell _\bb_\bb_\bc to
                 exit as well, while using the "quit" command will return control to
                 _\bb_\bb_\bc, and _\bb_\bb_\bc will continue examining the list of BBoards that it is
                 scanning.

                 If the file is writable and has been modified,  then  using  "quit"
                 will query the user if the file should be updated.

                 The `-prompt string' switch sets the prompting string for _\bm_\bs_\bh.

                 You may wish to use an alternate _\bM_\bH profile for the  commands  that
                 _\bm_\bs_\bh  executes; see _\bm_\bh-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (5) for details about the $MH envari-
                 able.

                 When invoked from _\bb_\bb_\bc, two special features are enabled: First, the
                 `-scan' switch directs _\bm_\bs_\bh to do a `scan unseen' on start-up if new
                 items are present in the BBoard.  This feature is  best  used  from
                 _\bb_\bb_\bc,  which  correctly sets the stage.  Second, the _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command in
                 _\bm_\bs_\bh acts specially when you are reading a BBoard,  since  _\bm_\bs_\bh  will
                 consult the sequence "unseen" in determining what messages you have
                 actually read.  When _\bm_\bs_\bh exits, it reports this information to _\bb_\bb_\bc.
                 In  addition,  if  you give the _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command with no arguments, _\bm_\bs_\bh
                 will interpret  it  as  `mark -sequence unseen -delete -nozero all'
                 Hence,  to discard all of the messages in the current BBoard you're
                 reading, just use the _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command with no arguments.

                 Normally, the "exit" command is identical to the "quit" command  in
                 _\bm_\bs_\bh.   When  run  under _\bb_\bb_\bc however, "exit" directs _\bm_\bs_\bh to mark all
                 messages as seen and then "quit".  For speedy type-in, this command
                 is often abbreviated as just "e".

                 When invoked from _\bv_\bm_\bh, another  special  feature  is  enabled:  The
                 `topcur' switch directs _\bm_\bs_\bh to have the current message "track" the
                 top line of the _\bv_\bm_\bh scan window.  Normally,  _\bm_\bs_\bh  has  the  current
                 message  "track" the center of the window (under `-notopcur', which
                 is the default).

                 _\bm_\bs_\bh supports an output redirection facility.  Commands may be  fol-
                 lowed by one of

                      > _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be     write output to _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
                      >> _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be    append output to _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
                      | _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd  pipe output to UNIX _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd

                 If _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be starts with a `~' (tilde), then a _\bc_\bs_\bh-like expansion  takes
                 place.  Note that _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bm_\ba_\bn_\bd is interpreted by _\bs_\bh (1).  Also note that
                 _\bm_\bs_\bh does NOT support history substitutions, variable substitutions,

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            MSH(1)                            -63-                            MSH(1)


                 or alias substitutions.

                 When parsing commands to the left of any  redirection  symbol,  _\bm_\bs_\bh
                 will honor `\' (back-slash) as the quote next-character symbol, and
                 `"' (double-quote)  as  quote-word  delimiters.   All  other  input
                 tokens are separated by whitespace (spaces and tabs).

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Msg-Protect:         To set mode when creating a new `file'
                 fileproc:            Program to file messages
                 showproc:            Program to show messages


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 bbc(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `file' defaults to "./msgbox"
                 `-prompt (msh) '
                 `-noscan'
                 `-notopcur'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None





















            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MSH(1)                            -64-                            MSH(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-prompt' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle  token by the shell that invokes _\bm_\bs_\bh.  Therefore, one must usu-
                 ally place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.

                 There is a strict limit of messages  per  file  in  _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf'd  format
                 which _\bm_\bs_\bh can handle.  Usually, this limit is 1000 messages.

                 Please remember that _\bm_\bs_\bh is not the _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl, and that a lot  of  the
                 nice facilities provided by the latter are not present in the form-
                 er.

                 In particular, _\bm_\bs_\bh does not understand back-quoting,  so  the  only
                 effective  way  to  use  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  inside  _\bm_\bs_\bh  is  to  always  use the
                 `-seq select' switch.  Clever users of _\bM_\bH will put the line

                      pick: -seq select -list

                 in their .mh_profile file so that _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk works equally well from both
                 the shell and _\bm_\bs_\bh.

                 _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm always uses "-noverbose" and if "-textfield field"  is  used,
                 "-limit 0".

                 The _\bm_\bs_\bh program inherits most (if not all) of the bugs from the  _\bM_\bH
                 commands it implements.



























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            NEXT(1)                           -65-                           NEXT(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 next - show the next message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 next [+folder] [-header] [-noheader] [-showproc program]
                      [-noshowproc] [switches for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bN_\be_\bx_\bt performs a _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw on the  next  message  in  the  specified  (or
                 current)  folder.  Like _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, it passes any switches on to the pro-
                 gram _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, which is called to list the message.   This  command
                 is  almost  exactly  equivalent to "show next".  Consult the manual
                 entry for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw (1) for all the details.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 showproc:            Program to show the message


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 show(1), prev(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `-header'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is specified, it will become the current  folder.   The
                 message that is shown (i.e., the next message in sequence) will be-
                 come the current message.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt is really a link to the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw program.  As  a  result,  if  you
                 make  a  link  to  _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt and that link is not called _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt, your link
                 will  act  like  _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw  instead.   To   circumvent   this,   add   a
                 profile-entry  for the link to your _\bM_\bH profile and add the argument
                 _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt to the entry.







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PACKF(1)                          -66-                          PACKF(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 packf - compress an MH folder into a single file

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 packf [+folder] [msgs] [-file name] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bP_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf takes messages from a folder and  copies  them  to  a  single
                 file.  Each message in the file is separated by four CTRL-A's and a
                 newline.  Messages packed can be unpacked using _\bi_\bn_\bc.

                 If the _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be given to the `-file name' switch exists, then the  mes-
                 sages  specified will be appended to the end of the file, otherwise
                 the file will be created and the messages appended.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 .msgbox.map                         A binary index of the file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Msg-Protect:         To set mode when creating a new `file'


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 inc(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to all
                 `-file ./msgbox'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The first
                 message packed will become the current message.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 _\bP_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf doesn't handle the old  UUCP-style  "mbox"  format  (used  by
                 _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd_\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl).   To  pack  messages  into  this  format, use the script
                 /_\bu_\bs_\br/_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl/_\bl_\bi_\bb/_\bm_\bh/_\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bx.  Note that _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bx does not  take  the
                 `-file' option of _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf, and instead writes its output on _\bs_\bt_\bd_\bo_\bu_\bt.






            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PICK(1)                           -67-                           PICK(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 pick - select messages by content

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 pick [+folder] [msgs] [-and ...] [-or ...] [-not ...]
                      [-lbrace ... -rbrace] [--component pattern] [-cc pattern]
                      [-date pattern] [-from pattern] [-search pattern]
                      [-subject pattern] [-to pattern] [-after date] [-before date]
                      [-datefield field] [-sequence name ...] [-public] [-nopublic]
                      [-zero] [-nozero] [-list] [-nolist] [-help]

                 typically:
                      scan `pick -from jones`
                      pick -to holloway -sequence select
                      show `pick -before friday`

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bP_\bi_\bc_\bk searches messages within a folder for the specified  contents,
                 and then identifies those messages.  Two types of search primitives
                 are available: pattern matching and date constraint operations.

                 A modified _\bg_\br_\be_\bp(1) is used to perform the  matching,  so  the  full
                 regular  expression  (see _\be_\bd(1)) facility is available within `pat-
                 tern'.  With `-search', `pattern' is used directly,  and  with  the
                 others, the grep pattern constructed is:

                      "component[ \t]*:.*pattern"

                 This means that the pattern specified for a `-search' will be found
                 everywhere in the message, including the header and the body, while
                 the other pattern matching  requests  are  limited  to  the  single
                 specified component.  The expression

                      `--component pattern'

                 is a shorthand for specifying

                      `-search "component[ \t]*:.*pattern" '

                 It is used to pick a component which is not one  of  "To:",  "cc:",
                 "Date:",     "From:",     or    "Subject:".     An    example    is
                 `pick --reply-to pooh'.

                 Pattern matching is performed on  a  per-line  basis.   Within  the
                 header  of the message, each component is treated as one long line,
                 but in the body, each line is separate.  Lower-case letters in  the
                 search  pattern  will  match either lower or upper case in the mes-
                 sage, while upper case will match only upper case.

                 Note that since the `-date' switch is a pattern matching  operation
                 (as  described  above), to find messages sent on a certain date the

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PICK(1)                           -68-                           PICK(1)


                 pattern string must match the text of the "Date:" field of the mes-
                 sage.

                 Independent of  any  pattern  matching  operations  requested,  the
                 switches `-after date' or `-before date' may also be used to intro-
                 duce date/time contraints on all of the messages.  By default,  the
                 "Date:"  field  is  consulted,  but  if another date yielding field
                 (such as "BB-Posted:" or  "Delivery-Date:")  should  be  used,  the
                 `-datefield field' switch may be used.

                 With `-before' and `-after', _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  will  actually  parse  the  date
                 fields in each of the messages specified in `msgs' and compare them
                 to the date/time specified.  If `-after' is given, then only  those
                 messages  whose  "Date:"  field  value is chronologically after the
                 date specified will be considered.  The `-before' switch  specifies
                 the complimentary action.

                 Both the `-after' and `-before' switches take legal 822-style  date
                 specifications  as  arguments.   _\bP_\bi_\bc_\bk  will default certain missing
                 fields so that the entire date need not be specified.  These fields
                 are  (in  order  of defaulting): timezone, time and timezone, date,
                 date and timezone.  All defaults are taken from the  current  date,
                 time, and timezone.

                 In addition to 822-style dates, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk will also recognize any of the
                 days  of  the week ("sunday", "monday", and so on), and the special
                 dates "today", "yesterday" (24 hours ago), and "tomorrow" (24 hours
                 from  now).   All  days of the week are judged to refer to a day in
                 the past (e.g.,  telling  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  "saturday"  on  a  "tuesday"  means
                 "last saturday" not "this saturday").

                 Finally, in addition to these  special  specifications,  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  will
                 also  honor a specification of the form "-dd", which means "dd days
                 ago".

                 _\bP_\bi_\bc_\bk supports complex boolean operations on  the  searching  primi-
                 tives  with  the  `-and',  `-or', `-not', and `-lbrace ... -rbrace'
                 switches.  For example,

                      pick -after yesterday -and
                           -lbrace -from freida -or -from fear -rbrace

                 identifies messages recently sent by "frieda" or "fear".

                 The matching primitives take precedence  over  the  `-not'  switch,
                 which in turn takes precedence over `-and' which in turn takes pre-
                 cedence over  `-or'.   To  override  the  default  precedence,  the
                 `-lbrace'  and `-rbrace' switches are provided, which act just like
                 opening and closing parentheses in logical expressions.

                 If no search criteria are given, all the messages specified on  the
                 command line are selected (this defaults to "all").

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PICK(1)                           -69-                           PICK(1)


                 Once the search has been performed, if the `-list' switch is given,
                 the  message  numbers  of  the selected messages are written to the
                 standard output separated by newlines.  This  is  _\be_\bx_\bt_\br_\be_\bm_\be_\bl_\by  useful
                 for quickly generating arguments for other _\bM_\bH programs by using the
                 "backquoting" syntax of the shell.  For example, the command

                      scan `pick +todo -after "31 Mar 83 0123 PST"`

                 says to _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn those messages in the indicated folder which meet  the
                 appropriate criterion.  Note that since _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk 's context changes are
                 written out prior to _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn 's invocation,  you  need  not  give  the
                 folder argument to _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn as well.

                 Regardless of the operation of the `-list' switch,  the  `-sequence
                 name' switch may be given once for each sequence the user wishes to
                 define.  For each sequence named, that sequence will be defined  to
                 mean exactly those messages selected by _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk.  For example,

                      pick -from frated -seq fred

                 defines a new message sequence for the current folder called "fred"
                 which contains exactly those messages that were selected.

                 Note that whenever _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk processes  a  `-sequence name'  switch,  it
                 sets `-nolist'.

                 By default, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk will zero the sequence  before  adding  it.   This
                 action  can be disabled with the `-nozero' switch, which means that
                 the messages selected by _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk will be added to the sequence, if  it
                 already  exists,  and  any messages already a part of that sequence
                 will remain so.

                 The `-public' and `-nopublic' switches are used by _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk in the same
                 way _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk uses them.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mark(1)







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PICK(1)                           -70-                           PICK(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to all
                 `-datefield date'
                 `-nopublic' if the folder is read-only, `-public' otherwise
                 `-zero'
                 `-list' is the default if no `-sequence', `-nolist' otherwise


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 In previous versions of _\bM_\bH, the _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk command would _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw,  _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn,  or
                 _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be  the  selected  messages.   This was rather "inverted logic"
                 from the UNIX point of view, so _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  was  changed  to  define  se-
                 quences  and  output  those  sequences.  Hence, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk can be used to
                 generate the arguments for all other _\bM_\bH commands, instead of giving
                 _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk endless switches for invoking those commands itself.

                 Also, previous versions of _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk balked  if  you  didn't  specify  a
                 search  string or a date/time constraint.  The current version does
                 not, and merely matches the messages you specify.   This  lets  you
                 type something like:

                      show `pick last:20 -seq fear`

                 instead of typing

                      mark -add -nozero -seq fear last:20
                      show fear

                 Finally, timezones used to be ignored when  comparing  dates:  they
                 aren't any more.

            _\bH_\be_\bl_\bp_\bf_\bu_\bl _\bH_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bs

                 Use "pick sequence -list" to enumerate the messages in  a  sequence
                 (such as for use by a shell script).













            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PICK(1)                           -71-                           PICK(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-after' and `-before' switches must be  inter-
                 preted  as  a  single token by the shell that invokes _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk.  There-
                 fore, one must usually place the argument  to  this  switch  inside
                 double-quotes.  Furthermore, any occurance of `-datefield' must oc-
                 cur prior to the `-after' or `-before' switch it applies to.

                 If _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk is used in a back-quoted operation, such as

                      scan `pick -from jones`

                 and _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk selects no messages (e.g., no messages are from  "jones"),
                 then  the  shell  will  still run the outer command (e.g., "scan").
                 Since no messages were matched, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk produced no  output,  and  the
                 argument given to the outer command as a result of backquoting _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk
                 is empty.  In the case of _\bM_\bH programs, the outer command  now  acts
                 as  if  the  default `msg' or `msgs' should be used (e.g., "all" in
                 the case of  _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn ).   To  prevent  this  unexpected  behavior,  if
                 `-list'  was  given,  and if its standard output is not a tty, then
                 _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk outputs the illegal message number "0" when  it  fails.   This
                 lets the outer command fail gracefully as well.

                 The pattern syntax "[l-r]" is not  supported;  each  letter  to  be
                 matched must be included within the square brackets.





























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PREV(1)                           -72-                           PREV(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 prev - show the previous message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 prev [+folder] [-header] [-noheader] [-showproc program]
                      [-noshowproc] [-switches for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bP_\br_\be_\bv performs a _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw on the previous message in the  specified  (or
                 current)  folder.  Like _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, it passes any switches on to the pro-
                 gram named by _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, which is called to list the message.   This
                 command  is  almost exactly equivalent to "show prev".  Consult the
                 manual entry for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw (1) for all the details.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 showproc:            Program to show the message


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 show(1), next(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `-header'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is specified, it will become the current  folder.   The
                 message that is shown (i.e., the previous message in sequence) will
                 become the current message.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 _\bp_\br_\be_\bv is really a link to the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw program.  As  a  result,  if  you
                 make  a  link  to  _\bp_\br_\be_\bv and that link is not called _\bp_\br_\be_\bv, your link
                 will  act  like  _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw  instead.   To   circumvent   this,   add   a
                 profile-entry  for the link to your _\bM_\bH profile and add the argument
                 _\bp_\br_\be_\bv to the entry.







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PROMPTER(1)                       -73-                       PROMPTER(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 prompter - prompting editor front-end for MH

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 prompter [-erase chr] [-kill chr] [-prepend] [-noprepend] [-rapid]
                      [-norapid] [-doteof] [-nodoteof] file [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 This program is normally not invoked directly by  users  but  takes
                 the  place  of  an  editor  and  acts  as  an editor front-end.  It
                 operates on an 822-style message draft skeleton specified by  file,
                 normally provided by _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, or _\br_\be_\bp_\bl.

                 _\bP_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br is an editor which allows rapid composition  of  messages.
                 It  is particularly useful to network and low-speed (less than 2400
                 baud) users of _\bM_\bH.  It is an _\bM_\bH program in that it can have its own
                 profile  entry with switches, but it is not invoked directly by the
                 user.  The commands _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl invoke  _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br  as
                 an  editor,  either when invoked with `-editor prompter', or by the
                 profile  entry  "Editor: prompter",  or  when  given  the   command
                 `edit prompter' at "What now?" level.

                 For each empty component _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br finds in the draft, the  user  is
                 prompted  for a response; A <RETURN> will cause the whole component
                 to be left out.  Otherwise, a `\' preceding a  <RETURN>  will  con-
                 tinue  the  response  on the next line, allowing for multiline com-
                 ponents.  Continuation lines must begin with a space or tab.

                 Each non-empty component is copied to the draft  and  displayed  on
                 the terminal.

                 The start of the message body is denoted by a blank line or a  line
                 of dashes.  If the body is non-empty, the prompt, which isn't writ-
                 ten to the file, is

                     "--------Enter additional text",

                 or (if `-prepend' was given)

                     "--------Enter initial text".

                 Message-body typing is  terminated  with  an  end-of-file  (usually
                 CTRL-D).   With  the  `-doteof'  switch,  a period on a line all by
                 itself also  signifies  end-of-file.   At  this  point  control  is
                 returned  to  the  calling  program,  where the user is asked "What
                 now?".  See _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw for the valid options to this query.

                 By using the `-prepend' switch, the user can  add  type-in  to  the
                 beginning of the message body and have the rest of the body follow.
                 This is useful for the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw command.


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PROMPTER(1)                       -74-                       PROMPTER(1)


                 By using the `-rapid' switch, if the draft already contains text in
                 the message-body, it is not displayed on the user's terminal.  This
                 is useful for low-speed terminals.

                 The line editing characters for kill and erase may be specified  by
                 the  user via the arguments `-kill chr' and `-erase chr', where chr
                 may be a character; or `\nnn', where "nnn" is the octal  value  for
                 the character.

                 An interrupt (usually CTRL-C) during component  typing  will  abort
                 _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br  and  the _\bM_\bH command that invoked it.  An interrupt during
                 message-body typing is equivalent to CTRL-D,  for  historical  rea-
                 sons.  This means that _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br should finish up and exit.

                 The first non-flag argument to _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br is taken as the name of the
                 draft file, and subsequent non-flag arguments are ignored.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /tmp/prompter*                      Temporary copy of message


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 prompter-next:       To name the editor to be  used  on  exit  from
                 _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br
                 Msg-Protect:         To set mode when creating a new draft


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 comp(1), dist(1), forw(1), repl(1), whatnow(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-prepend'
                 `-norapid'
                 `-nodoteof'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None

            _\bH_\be_\bl_\bp_\bf_\bu_\bl _\bH_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bs

                 The  `-rapid'  option  is  particularly  useful  with   _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,   and
                 `-noprepend' is useful with _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp -_\bu_\bs_\be.

                 The user may wish to link _\bp_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br under several names (e.g.,  "ra-
                 pid")  and  give  appropriate switches in the profile entries under
                 these names (e.g., "rapid:  -rapid").   This  facilitates  invoking
                 prompter  differently for different _\bM_\bH commands (e.g., "forw: -edi-
                 tor rapid").


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            PROMPTER(1)                       -75-                       PROMPTER(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 _\bP_\br_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bt_\be_\br uses _\bs_\bt_\bd_\bi_\bo (3), so it will lose if  you  edit  files  with
                 nulls in them.


















































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            RCVSTORE(1)                       -76-                       RCVSTORE(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 rcvstore - incorporate new mail asynchronously

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/rcvstore [+folder] [-create] [-nocreate]
                      [-sequence name ...] [-public] [-nopublic] [-zero] [-nozero]
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bR_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be incorporates a message from the standard input into an  _\bM_\bH
                 folder.   If  `+folder'  isn't specified, a folder in the user's _\bM_\bH
                 directory will be used, either that specified by the "Inbox:" entry
                 in  the  user's profile, or the folder named "inbox".  The new mes-
                 sage being incorporated is assigned the next highest number in  the
                 folder.   If  the specified (or default) folder doesn't exist, then
                 it will be created if the `-create' option is specified,  otherwise
                 _\br_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be will exit.

                 If the user's profile contains a "Msg-Protect: nnn" entry, it  will
                 be  used as the protection on the newly created messages, otherwise
                 the _\bM_\bH default of 0644 will be used.  During all operations on mes-
                 sages,  this  initially  assigned  protection will be preserved for
                 each message, so _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd(1) may be used to set  a  protection  on  an
                 individual   message,   and   its   protection  will  be  preserved
                 thereafter.

                 _\bR_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be will incorporate anything except zero length messages into
                 the user's MH folder.

                 If the profile entry "Unseen-Sequence" is  present  and  non-empty,
                 then  _\br_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be  will  add  the  newly  incorporated message to each
                 sequence named by the  profile  entry.   This  is  similar  to  the
                 "Previous-Sequence"  profile  entry  supported  by  all _\bM_\bH commands
                 which take `msgs' or `msg' arguments.  Note that _\br_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be will  not
                 zero each sequence prior to adding messages.

                 Furthermore, the incoming messages may  be  added  to  user-defined
                 sequences  as  they  arrive  by  appropriate use of the `-sequence'
                 option.  As with _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk, use of the `-zero'  and  `-nozero'  switches
                 can  also  be used to zero old sequences or not.  Similarly, use of
                 the `-public' and `-nopublic switches may be used  to  force  addi-
                 tions to public and private sequences.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            RCVSTORE(1)                       -77-                       RCVSTORE(1)


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Folder-Protect:      To set mode when creating a new folder
                 Inbox:               To find the default inbox
                 Msg-Protect:         To set mode when creating a new message
                 Unseen-Sequence:     To name sequences denoting unseen messages


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 inc(1), pick(1), mh-mail(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to "inbox"
                 `-create'
                 `-nopublic' if the folder is read-only, `-public' otherwise
                 `-nozero'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 No context changes will be attempted, with  the  exception  of  se-
                 quence manipulation.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 If you use the "Unseen-Sequence" profile entry, _\br_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be could  try
                 to update the context while another _\bM_\bH process is also trying to do
                 so.  This can cause the context  to  become  corrupted.   To  avoid
                 this,  do not use _\br_\bc_\bv_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\be if you use the "Unseen-Sequence" profile
                 entry.























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            REFILE(1)                         -78-                         REFILE(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 refile - file message in other folders

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 refile [msgs] [-draft] [-link] [-nolink] [-preserve] [-nopreserve]
                      [-src +folder] [-file file] [-rmmproc program] [-normmproc]
                      +folder ...  [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bR_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be moves (_\bm_\bv (1)) or links  (_\bl_\bn (1))  messages  from  a  source
                 folder  into  one  or  more destination folders.  If you think of a
                 message as a sheet of paper, this operation is  not  unlike  filing
                 the  sheet  of  paper  (or copies) in file cabinet folders.  When a
                 message is filed, it is linked into the  destination  folder(s)  if
                 possible,  and  is  copied  otherwise.   As long as the destination
                 folders are all on the same file  system,  multiple  filing  causes
                 little  storage  overhead.   This  facility  provides a good way to
                 cross-file or multiply-index messages.  For example, if  a  message
                 is received from Jones about the ARPA Map Project, the command

                      refile cur +jones +Map

                 would allow the message to be found in either of  the  two  folders
                 `jones' or `Map'.

                 The option `-file file' directs _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be to use the specified file as
                 the  source  message  to  be  filed,  rather  than a message from a
                 folder.  Note that the file should be a validly formatted  message,
                 just like any other _\bM_\bH message.  It should NOT be in mail drop for-
                 mat (to convert a file in mail drop format to a folder of  _\bM_\bH  mes-
                 sages, see _\bi_\bn_\bc (1)).

                 If a destination folder doesn't exist, _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be will ask if you  want
                 to  create  it.  A negative response will abort the file operation.
                 If the standard input for _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be is _\bn_\bo_\bt a tty, then _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be will not
                 ask any questions and will proceed as if the user answered "yes" to
                 all questions.

                 The option `-link' preserves the source folder copy of the  message
                 (i.e.,  it  does  a  _\bl_\bn(1) rather than a _\bm_\bv(1)), whereas, `-nolink'
                 deletes the filed messages from the source folder.  Normally,  when
                 a  message  is filed, it is assigned the next highest number avail-
                 able in each of the destination folders.  Use  of  the  `-preserve'
                 switch  will override this message renaming, but name conflicts may
                 occur, so use this switch cautiously.

                 If `-link' is not specified (or `-nolink' is specified), the  filed
                 messages  will  be removed from the source folder, by renaming them
                 with a site-dependent prefix (usually a comma).



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            REFILE(1)                         -79-                         REFILE(1)


                 If the user has a profile component such as

                         rmmproc:        /bin/rm

                 then _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be will instead call the named program to delete the  mes-
                 sage files.  The user may specify `-rmmproc program' on the command
                 line to override  this  profile  specification.   The  `-normmproc'
                 option  forces  the message files to be deleted by renaming them as
                 described above.

                 The `-draft' switch tells _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be to file the <mh-dir>/draft.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Folder-Protect:      To set mode when creating a new folder
                 rmmproc:             Program to delete the message


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 folder(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-src +folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to cur
                 `-nolink'
                 `-nopreserve'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If `-src +folder' is given, it will become the current folder.   If
                 neither  `-link' nor `all' is specified, the current message in the
                 source folder will be set to the last message specified; otherwise,
                 the current message won't be changed.

                 If the Previous-Sequence profile entry is set, in addition  to  de-
                 fining the named sequences from the source folder, _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be will also
                 define  those  sequences  for   the   destination   folders.    See
                 _\bm_\bh-_\bs_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be (5) for information concerning the previous sequence.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Since _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be uses your _\br_\bm_\bm_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc to delete the message,  the  _\br_\bm_\bm_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc
                 must  NOT  call _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be without specifying `-normmproc', or you will
                 create an infinte loop.



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            REPL(1)                           -80-                           REPL(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 repl - reply to a message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 repl [+folder] [msg] [-annotate] [-noannotate] [-cc all/to/cc/me]
                      [-nocc all/to/cc/me] [-draftfolder +folder]
                      [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder] [-editor editor]
                      [-noedit] [-fcc +folder] [-filter filterfile] [-form formfile]
                      [-inplace] [-noinplace] [-query] [-noquery] [-width columns]
                      [-whatnowproc program] [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bR_\be_\bp_\bl aids a user in producing a reply to an existing message.  _\bR_\be_\bp_\bl
                 uses  a  reply  template to guide its actions when constructing the
                 message draft of the reply.  In its simplest form  (with  no  argu-
                 ments),  it  will  set  up  a message-form skeleton in reply to the
                 current message in the  current  folder,  and  invoke  the  whatnow
                 shell.   The  default  reply template will direct _\br_\be_\bp_\bl to construct
                 the composed message as follows:

                      To: <Reply-To> or <From>
                      cc: <cc>, <To>, and yourself
                      Subject: Re: <Subject>
                      In-reply-to: Your message of <Date>.
                                   <Message-Id>

                 where field names enclosed in angle  brackets  (< >)  indicate  the
                 contents  of the named field from the message to which the reply is
                 being made.  A  reply  template  is  simply  a  format  file.   See
                 _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5) for the details.

                 The `-cc type' switch takes an argument which  specifies  who  gets
                 placed  on  the "cc:" list of the reply.  The `-query' switch modi-
                 fies the action of `-cc type' switch by interactively asking you if
                 each  address  that normally would be placed in the "To:" and "cc:"
                 list  should  actually  be  sent  a  copy.   (This  is  useful  for
                 special-purpose  replies.)  Note that the position of the `-cc' and
                 `-nocc' switches, like all other switches which take a positive and
                 negative form, is important.

                 Lines beginning with the fields "To:", "cc:", and  "Bcc:"  will  be
                 standardized  and  have  duplicate addresses removed.  In addition,
                 the `-width columns' switch will guide _\br_\be_\bp_\bl's formatting  of  these
                 fields.

                 If the file named "replcomps" exists in the user's MH directory, it
                 will be used instead of the default form.  In either case, the file
                 specified by `-form formfile' will be used if given.

                 If the draft already exists, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl will ask you as to  the  disposi-
                 tion  of  the  draft.  A reply of quit will abort _\br_\be_\bp_\bl, leaving the

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            REPL(1)                           -81-                           REPL(1)


                 draft intact; replace will replace the existing draft with a  blank
                 skeleton; and list will display the draft.

                 See _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (1) for a  description  of  the  `-editor'  and  `-noedit'
                 switches.  Note that while in the editor, the message being replied
                 to is available through a link  named  "@"  (assuming  the  default
                 _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc ).   In addition, the actual pathname of the message is
                 stored in the envariable $editalt, and the pathname of  the  folder
                 containing the message is stored in the envariable $mhfolder.

                 Although _\br_\be_\bp_\bl uses the `-form formfile' switch to direct it how  to
                 construct  the  beginning  of  the  draft, the `-filter filterfile'
                 switch directs _\br_\be_\bp_\bl as to how the message being  replied-to  should
                 be  formatted in the body of the draft.  If `-filter' is not speci-
                 fied, then the message being replied-to is not included in the body
                 of  the draft.  If `-filter filterfile' is specified, then the mes-
                 sage being replied-to is filtered  (re-formatted)  prior  to  being
                 output  to  the body of the draft.  The filter file for _\br_\be_\bp_\bl should
                 be a standard form file for _\bm_\bh_\bl, as _\br_\be_\bp_\bl will invoke _\bm_\bh_\bl to  format
                 the  message  being replied-to.  There is no default message filter
                 (`-filter' must be followed by a file name).  A filter file that is
                 commonly used is:

                      :
                      body:nocomponent,compwidth=9,offset=9

                 which says to output a blank line and then the body of the  message
                 being replied-to, indented by one tab-stop.  Another format popular
                 on USENET is:


                      message-id:nocomponent,nonewline,\
                      formatfield="In message %{text}, "
                      from:nocomponent,formatfield="%(friendly{text}) writes:"
                      body:component=">",overflowtext=">",overflowoffset=0

                 Which  cites  the  Message-ID  and  author  of  the  message  being
                 replied-to,  and  then  outputs each line of the body prefaced with
                 the ">" character.

                 If the `-annotate' switch is given, the  message  being  replied-to
                 will be annotated with the lines

                      Replied: date
                      Replied: addrs

                 where the address list contains one line for each  addressee.   The
                 annotation  will  be done only if the message is sent directly from
                 _\br_\be_\bp_\bl.   If  the  message  is  not  sent  immediately   from   _\br_\be_\bp_\bl,
                 "comp -use"  may  be  used to re-edit and send the constructed mes-
                 sage, but the annotations won't take place.  The `-inplace'  switch
                 causes annotation to be done in place in order to preserve links to

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            REPL(1)                           -82-                           REPL(1)


                 the annotated message.

                 The `-fcc +folder' switch can be used to  automatically  specify  a
                 folder  to  receive Fcc:s.  More than one folder, each preceeded by
                 `-fcc' can be named.

                 In addition to the standard _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5) escapes, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl also recog-
                 nizes the following additional _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt escape:

                 _\bE_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be  _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn_\bs  _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 _\bf_\bc_\bc     string   Any folders specified with `-fcc folder'

                 To avoid reiteration, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl strips any leading `Re: '  strings  from
                 the _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bj_\be_\bc_\bt component.

                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

                 Upon exiting from the editor, _\br_\be_\bp_\bl will invoke the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.
                 See _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw (1) for a discussion of available options.  The invoca-
                 tion of this program can be inhibited by using the `-nowhatnowproc'
                 switch.   (In truth of fact, it is the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program which starts
                 the initial edit.  Hence, `-nowhatnowproc' will  prevent  any  edit
                 from occurring.)

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/replcomps         The reply template
                 or <mh-dir>/replcomps               Rather than the standard template
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 <mh-dir>/draft                      The draft file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Alternate-Mailboxes: To determine the user's mailboxes
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Editor:              To override the default editor
                 Msg-Protect:         To  set  mode  when  creating  a  new  message
                 (draft)
                 fileproc:            Program to refile the message
                 mhlproc:             Program to filter message being replied-to
                 whatnowproc:         Program to ask the "What now?" questions


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 comp(1), dist(1), forw(1), send(1), whatnow(1), mh-format(5)




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            REPL(1)                           -83-                           REPL(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msg' defaults to cur
                 `-nocc all' at ATHENA sites, `-cc all' otherwise
                 `-noannotate'
                 `-nodraftfolder'
                 `-noinplace'
                 `-noquery'
                 `-width 72'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The  mes-
                 sage replied-to will become the current message.


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 Prior to using the format string  mechanism,  `-noformat'  used  to
                 cause  address  headers to be output as-is.  Now all address fields
                 are formatted using Internet standard guidelines.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 If any addresses occur in the reply template, addresses in the tem-
                 plate that do not contain hosts are defaulted incorrectly.  Instead
                 of using the localhost for the  default,  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl  uses  the  sender's
                 host.   Moral of the story: if you're going to include addresses in
                 a reply template, include the host portion of the address.

                 The `-width columns' switch is only  used  to  do  address-folding;
                 other headers are not line-wrapped.

                 If _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw, then _\br_\be_\bp_\bl uses a  built-in  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw,  it
                 does  not  actually  run the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.  Hence, if you define
                 your own _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't call it _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw since  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl  won't  run
                 it.

                 If your current working directory is not writable, the  link  named
                 "@" is not available.














            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            RMF(1)                            -84-                            RMF(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 rmf - remove an MH folder

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 rmf [+folder] [-interactive] [-nointeractive] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bR_\bm_\bf removes all of the messages (files) within  the  specified  (or
                 default)  folder,  and  then removes the folder (directory) itself.
                 If there are any files within the folder which are not  a  part  of
                 _\bM_\bH,  they  will  _\bn_\bo_\bt be removed, and an error will be produced.  If
                 the folder is given explicitly or the  `-nointeractive'  option  is
                 given,  then the folder will be removed without confirmation.  Oth-
                 erwise, the user will be asked for confirmation.  If _\br_\bm_\bf can't find
                 the  current  folder,  for  some  reason,  the folder to be removed
                 defaults to `+inbox' (unless overridden  by  user's  profile  entry
                 "Inbox") with confirmation.

                 _\bR_\bm_\bf irreversibly deletes messages that don't have other  links,  so
                 use it with caution.

                 If the folder being removed is a subfolder, the parent folder  will
                 become  the new current folder, and _\br_\bm_\bf will produce a message tel-
                 ling the user this has happened.  This provides an  easy  mechanism
                 for selecting a set of messages, operating on the list, then remov-
                 ing the list and returning to the current  folder  from  which  the
                 list was extracted.

                 _\bR_\bm_\bf of a read-only folder will delete the private sequence and  cur
                 information  (i.e.,  "atr-_\bs_\be_\bq-_\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br"  entries)  from  the  profile
                 without affecting the folder itself.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Inbox:               To find the default inbox


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 rmm(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder, usually with confirmation
                 `-interactive' if +folder' not given, `-nointeractive' otherwise



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            RMF(1)                            -85-                            RMF(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 _\bR_\bm_\bf will set the current folder to the parent folder if a subfolder
                 is  removed; or if the current folder is removed, it will make "in-
                 box" current.  Otherwise, it doesn't change the current  folder  or
                 message.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Although intuitively one would suspect that _\br_\bm_\bf works  recursively,
                 it  does  not.   Hence if you have a sub-folder within a folder, in
                 order to _\br_\bm_\bf the parent, you must first _\br_\bm_\bf each of the children.










































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            RMM(1)                            -86-                            RMM(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 rmm - remove messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 rmm [+folder] [msgs] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bR_\bm_\bm removes the specified messages by renaming  the  message  files
                 with preceding commas.  Many sites consider files that start with a
                 comma to be a temporary backup, and arrange for _\bc_\br_\bo_\bn (8) to  remove
                 such files once a day.

                 If the user has a profile component such as

                         rmmproc:        /bin/rm

                 then instead of simply renaming the message file, _\br_\bm_\bm will call the
                 named program to delete the file.  Note that at most installations,
                 _\bc_\br_\bo_\bn (8) is told to remove files that begin with  a  comma  once  a
                 night.

                 Some users of csh prefer the following:

                         alias rmm 'refile +d'

                 where folder +d is a folder for deleted messages, and

                         alias mexp 'rm `mhpath +d all`'

                 is used to "expunge" deleted messages.

                 The current message is not changed by _\br_\bm_\bm, so a _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt  will  advance
                 to the next message in the folder as expected.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 rmmproc:             Program to delete the message


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 rmf(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to cur

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            RMM(1)                            -87-                            RMM(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Since _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be uses your _\br_\bm_\bm_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc to delete the message,  the  _\br_\bm_\bm_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc
                 must  NOT  call _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be without specifying `-normmproc', or you will
                 create an infinte loop.













































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SCAN(1)                           -88-                           SCAN(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 scan - produce a one line per message scan listing

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 scan [+folder] [msgs] [-clear] [-noclear] [-form formatfile]
                      [-format string] [-header] [-noheader] [-width columns]
                      [-reverse] [-noreverse] [-file filename] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bS_\bc_\ba_\bn produces a one-line-per-message listing of the specified  mes-
                 sages.   Each  _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn  line  contains  the message number (name), the
                 date, the "From:" field, the "Subject" field, and, if room  allows,
                 some of the body of the message.  For example:

                      15+  7/ 5  Dcrocker  nned  <<Last week I asked some of
                      16 - 7/ 5  dcrocker  message id format  <<I recommend
                      18   7/ 6  Obrien    Re: Exit status from mkdir
                      19   7/ 7  Obrien    "scan" listing format in MH

                 The `+' on message 15 indicates that it  is  the  current  message.
                 The  `-'  on  message  16 indicates that it has been replied to, as
                 indicated by a "Replied:"  component  produced  by  an  `-annotate'
                 switch to the _\br_\be_\bp_\bl command.

                 If there is sufficient room left on the _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn line  after  the  sub-
                 ject,  the line will be filled with text from the body, preceded by
                 <<, and terminated by >> if the body is sufficiently  short.   _\bS_\bc_\ba_\bn
                 actually  reads  each  of the specified messages and parses them to
                 extract the desired fields.  During parsing, appropriate error mes-
                 sages  will  be  produced  if there are format errors in any of the
                 messages.

                 The `-header' switch produces a header line prior to the _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn list-
                 ing.   Currently,  the  name of the folder and the current date and
                 time are output (see the HISTORY section for more information).

                 If the `-clear' switch is used and _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn'_\bs output is directed  to  a
                 terminal, then _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn will consult the $TERM and $TERMCAP envariables
                 to determine your terminal type in order to find out how  to  clear
                 the  screen  prior  to exiting.  If the `-clear' switch is used and
                 _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn'_\bs output is not directed to a terminal  (e.g.,  a  pipe  or  a
                 file), then _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn will send a formfeed prior to exiting.

                 For example, the command:

                      (scan -clear -header; show all -show pr -f) | lpr

                 produces a scan listing  of  the  current  folder,  followed  by  a
                 formfeed,  followed  by  a formatted listing of all messages in the
                 folder, one per page.  Omitting `-show pr -f' will cause  the  mes-
                 sages  to  be  concatenated, separated by a one-line header and two

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SCAN(1)                           -89-                           SCAN(1)


                 blank lines.

                 If _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn encounters a message without a "Date:" field,  rather  than
                 leaving  that  portion  of  the  scan  listing  blank,  the date is
                 filled-in with the last write date of the message,  and  post-fixed
                 with  a  `*'.   This  is  particularly  handy  for scanning a _\bd_\br_\ba_\bf_\bt
                 _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br, as message drafts usually aren't allowed to have  dates  in
                 them.

                 To override the output format used by _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn, the `-format string' or
                 `-form file'  switches are used.  This permits individual fields of
                 the scan listing to be extracted with ease.  The string is simply a
                 format   string  and  the  file  is  simply  a  format  file.   See
                 _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5) for the details.

                 In addition to the standard _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5) escapes, _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn also recog-
                 nizes the following additional _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt escapes:

                 _\bE_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be    _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn_\bs  _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 body      string   the (compressed) first part of the body
                 dtimenow  date     the current date
                 folder    string   the name of the current folder

                 Also, if no date header was present in the  message,  the  _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 escapes  which operate on {_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be} will return values for the date of
                 last modification of the message file itself.

                 _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn will update the _\bM_\bH context prior to starting the  listing,  so
                 interrupting  a  long  _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn  listing preserves the new context.  _\bM_\bH
                 purists hate this idea.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Alternate-Mailboxes: To determine the user's mailboxes
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 inc(1), pick(1), show(1), mh-format(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the folder current
                 `msgs' defaults to all
                 `-format' defaulted as described above
                 `-noheader'
                 `-width' defaulted to the width of the terminal


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SCAN(1)                           -90-                           SCAN(1)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 Prior to using the format string mechanism, `-header' used to  gen-
                 erate a heading saying what each column in the listing was.  Format
                 strings prevent this from happening.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-format' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle token by the shell that invokes _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn.  Therefore, one must usu-
                 ally place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.
                 The value of each _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt escape is set by _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn to  the  contents
                 of  the first message header _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn encounters with the corresponding
                 component name; any following headers with the same component  name
                 are ignored.

                 The switch `-reverse', makes _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn list the messages in reverse ord-
                 er; this should be considered a bug.

                 The `-file filename' switch allows the user to obtain a _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn  list-
                 ing of a maildrop file as produced by _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf.  This listing includes
                 every message in the file.  The user should use _\bm_\bs_\bh for more selec-
                 tive  processing  of the file.  `-reverse' is ignored with this op-
                 tion.


























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SEND(1)                           -91-                           SEND(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 send - send a message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 send [-alias aliasfile] [-draft] [-draftfolder +folder]
                      [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder] [-filter filterfile]
                      [-nofilter] [-format] [-noformat] [-forward] [-noforward]
                      [-msgid] [-nomsgid] [-push] [-nopush] [-verbose] [-noverbose]
                      [-watch] [-nowatch] [-width columns] [file ...] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd will cause each of the specified files to  be  delivered  (via
                 _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8))  to each of the destinations in the "To:", "cc:", "Bcc:",
                 and "Fcc:" fields of the message.  If  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  is  re-distributing  a
                 message,  as invoked from _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, then the corresponding "Resent-xxx"
                 fields are examined instead.

                 If `-push' is specified, _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd will detach itself  from  the  user's
                 terminal and perform its actions in the background.  If _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh 'd and
                 the draft can't be sent, then the `-forward' switch says that draft
                 should be forwarded with the failure notice sent to the user.  This
                 differs from putting _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd in the background because the  output  is
                 trapped and analyzed by _\bM_\bH.

                 If `-verbose' is specified, _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  will  indicate  the  interactions
                 occurring  with the transport system, prior to actual delivery.  If
                 `-watch' is specified _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd will monitor the delivery of  local  and
                 network  mail.   Hence, by specifying both switches, a large detail
                 of information can be gathered about each  step  of  the  message's
                 entry into the transport system.

                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

                 _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd with no _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be argument will query  whether  the  draft  is  the
                 intended  file, whereas `-draft' will suppress this question.  Once
                 the transport system has successfully accepted custody of the  mes-
                 sage,  the  file will be renamed with a leading comma, which allows
                 it to be retrieved until the next draft message is sent.  If  there
                 are errors in the formatting of the message, _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd will abort with a
                 (hopefully) helpful error message.

                 If a "Bcc:" field is encountered, its addresses will  be  used  for
                 delivery,  and  the  "Bcc:"  field will be removed from the message
                 sent to sighted recipients.  The blind recipients will  receive  an
                 entirely  new  message  with a minimal set of headers.  Included in
                 the body of the message will be a copy of the message sent  to  the
                 sighted  recipients.   If  `-filter filterfile'  is specified, then
                 this copy is filtered (re-formatted) prior to  being  sent  to  the

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SEND(1)                           -92-                           SEND(1)


                 blind recipients.

                 Prior to sending the message, the  fields  "From: user@local",  and
                 "Date: now" will be appended to the headers in the message.  If the
                 envariable $SIGNATURE is set, then its value is used as  your  per-
                 sonal  name  when constructing the "From:" line of the message.  If
                 this envariable is not set, then  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  will  consult  the  profile
                 entry "Signature" for this information.  On hosts where _\bM_\bH was con-
                 figured with the UCI option, if $SIGNATURE is not set and the "Sig-
                 nature"   profile   entry   is   not   present,   then   the   file
                 $HOME/.signature is consulted.  If `-msgid' is  specified,  then  a
                 "Message-ID:" field will also be added to the message.

                 If _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd is re-distributing a message (when invoked by _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt ),  then
                 "Resent-"  will  be  prepended  to  each  of these fields: "From:",
                 "Date:", and "Message-ID:".  If  the  message  already  contains  a
                 "From:"  field,  then a "Sender: user@local" field will be added as
                 well.  (An already existing "Sender:" field is an error!)

                 By using the `-format' switch, each of the entries in the "To:" and
                 "cc:" fields will be replaced with "standard" format entries.  This
                 standard format is designed to be usable  by  all  of  the  message
                 handlers  on  the various systems around the Internet.  If `-nofor-
                 mat' is given, then headers are output exactly as  they  appear  in
                 the message draft.

                 If an "Fcc: folder" is encountered, the message will be  copied  to
                 the  specified folder for the sender in the format in which it will
                 appear to any non-Bcc receivers of the message.  That is,  it  will
                 have the appended fields and field reformatting.  The "Fcc:" fields
                 will be removed from all outgoing copies of the message.

                 By using the `-width columns' switch, the user can direct  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  as
                 to how long it should make header lines containing addresses.

                 The files specified by the profile entry "Aliasfile:" and any addi-
                 tional  alias  files given by the `-alias aliasfile' switch will be
                 read (more than one file,  each   preceeded  by  `-alias',  can  be
                 named).  See _\bm_\bh-_\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs (5) for more information.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Aliasfile:           For a default alias file
                 Signature:           To determine the user's mail signature
                 mailproc:            Program to post failure notices
                 postproc:            Program to post the message


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SEND(1)                           -93-                           SEND(1)


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 comp(1), dist(1), forw(1), repl(1), mh-alias(5), post(8)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `file' defaults to <mh-dir>/draft
                 `-alias /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases'
                 `-nodraftfolder'
                 `-nofilter'
                 `-format'
                 `-forward'
                 `-nomsgid'
                 `-nopush'
                 `-noverbose'
                 `-nowatch'
                 `-width 72'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Under some configurations, it is not possible to mointor  the  mail
                 delivery transaction; `-watch' is a no-op on those systems.




























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SHOW(1)                           -94-                           SHOW(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 show - show (list) messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 show [+folder] [msgs] [-draft] [-header] [-noheader]
                      [-showproc program] [-noshowproc] [switches for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc]
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bS_\bh_\bo_\bw lists each of the specified messages to  the  standard  output
                 (typically,  the  terminal).   Typically,  the  messages are listed
                 exactly as they are, with no reformatting.  A program named by  the
                 _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc  profile  component  is invoked to do the listing, and any
                 switches not recognized by _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw are passed along to  that  program.
                 The  default program is known as _\bm_\bo_\br_\be (1).  To override the default
                 and the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc profile  component,  use  the  `-showproc program'
                 switch.   For  example, `-show pr' will cause the _\bp_\br (1) program to
                 list the messages.  The _\bM_\bH command _\bm_\bh_\bl can be used as a _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc to
                 show  messages in a more uniform format.  Normally, this program is
                 specified as the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is the user's .mh_profile.   See  _\bm_\bh_\bl (1)
                 for  the  details.   If  the  `-noshowproc'  option  is  specified,
                 `/bin/cat' is used instead of _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc.

                 The `-header' switch tells _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw to display a  one-line  description
                 of  the  message being shown.  This description includes the folder
                 and the message number.

                 If no `msgs' are specified, the current message is used.   If  more
                 than  one  message  is  specified,  _\bm_\bo_\br_\be will prompt for a <RETURN>
                 prior to listing each message.  _\bm_\bo_\br_\be will list each message, a page
                 at  a  time.   When  the end of page is reached, _\bm_\bo_\br_\be will ring the
                 bell and wait for a <SPACE> or <RETURN>.  If a <RETURN> is entered,
                 _\bm_\bo_\br_\be  will print the next line, whereas <SPACE> will print the next
                 screenful.  To exit _\bm_\bo_\br_\be, type "q".

                 If the standard output is not a terminal, no queries are made,  and
                 each file is listed with a one-line header and two lines of separa-
                 tion.

                 "show -draft" will list the file <mh-dir>/draft if it exists.

                 If the profile entry "Unseen-Sequence" is  present  and  non-empty,
                 then _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw will remove each of the messages shown from each sequence
                 named  by  the   profile   entry.    This   is   similar   to   the
                 "Previous-Sequence"  profile  entry  supported  by  all _\bM_\bH commands
                 which take `msgs' or `msg' arguments.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SHOW(1)                           -95-                           SHOW(1)


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder
                 Unseen-Sequence:     To name sequences denoting unseen messages
                 showproc:            Program to show messages


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mhl(1), more(1), next(1), pick(1), prev(1), scan(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to cur
                 `-header'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current folder.  The  last
                 message shown will become the current message.

































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SHOW(1)                           -96-                           SHOW(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The `-header' switch doesn't work when `msgs' expands to more  than
                 one  message.   If the _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bm_\bh_\bl, then is problem can be cir-
                 cumvented by referencing the "messagename" field in the _\bm_\bh_\bl  format
                 file.

                 _\bS_\bh_\bo_\bw updates the user's context before showing the message.   Hence
                 _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw  will  mark messages as seen prior to the user actually seeing
                 them.  This is generally not a problem, unless the user  relies  on
                 the  "unseen"  messages  mechanism, and interrupts _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw while it is
                 showing "unseen" messages.

                 If _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bm_\bh_\bl, then _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw uses a built-in _\bm_\bh_\bl: it does not  ac-
                 tually  run  the  _\bm_\bh_\bl  program.   Hence,  if  you  define  your own
                 _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't call it _\bm_\bh_\bl since _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw won't run it.

                 If _\bm_\bo_\br_\be (1) is your showproc (the default), then avoid running _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw
                 in  the  background  with only its standard output piped to another
                 process, as in

                      show | imprint &

                 Due to a bug in _\bm_\bo_\br_\be, show will go into a "tty  input"  state.   To
                 avoid  this  problem,  re-direct  _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw's diagnostic output as well.
                 For users of _\bc_\bs_\bh:

                      show |& imprint &

                 For users of _\bs_\bh:

                      show 2>&1 | imprint &






















            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SLOCAL(1)                         -97-                         SLOCAL(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 slocal - special local mail delivery

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/slocal [address info sender]
                      [-addr address] [-info data] [-sender sender]
                      [-user username] [-mailbox mbox] [-file file]
                      [-maildelivery deliveryfile] [-verbose] [-noverbose] [-debug]
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bS_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl is a program designed to allow you to have your inbound mail
                 processed according to a complex set of selection criteria.  You do
                 not normally invoke _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl yourself, rather _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl  is  invoked  on
                 your behalf by your system's Message Transfer Agent.

                 The message selection criteria used by _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl is specified  in  the
                 file  ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by  in  the  user's home directory.  The format of
                 this file is given below.

                 The message delivery address and message sender are determined from
                 the  Message  Transfer  Agent  envelope  information,  if possible.
                 Under _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd_\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl, the sender will  obtained  from  the  UUCP  "From "
                 line,  if present.  The user may override these values with command
                 line arguments, or arguments to the `-addr' and `-sender' switches.

                 The message is normally read from the standard input.  The  `-file'
                 switch  sets  the name of the file from which the message should be
                 read, instead of reading stdin.  The `-user'  switch  tells  _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl
                 the  name  of the user for whom it is delivering mail.  The `-mail-
                 box' switch tells _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl the name of the user's maildrop file.

                 The `-info' switch may be used to pass  an  arbitrary  argument  to
                 sub-processes  which  _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl may invoke on your behalf.  The `-ver-
                 bose' switch causes _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl to give information on stdout about  its
                 progress.  The `-debug' switch produces more verbose debugging out-
                 put on stderr.


              _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bT_\br_\ba_\bn_\bs_\bf_\be_\br _\bA_\bg_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs

                 If your MTA is _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd_\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl, you should include the line

                          "| /usr/local/lib/mh/slocal -user username"

                 in your .forward file in your  home  directory.   This  will  cause
                 _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd_\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl to invoke _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl on your behalf.

                 If  your  MTA   is   _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF-_\bI,   you   should   (symbolically)   link
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/slocal  to  the  file  bin/rcvmail  in  your home
                 directory.  This will cause _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF-_\bI to invoke _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl on your  behalf

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            SLOCAL(1)                         -98-                         SLOCAL(1)


                 with the correct "_\ba_\bd_\bd_\br_\be_\bs_\bs _\bi_\bn_\bf_\bo _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd_\be_\br" arguments.

                 If your MTA is  _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF-_\bI_\bI,  then  you  should  not  use  _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl.   An
                 equivalent  functionality is already provided by _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF-_\bI_\bI; see mail-
                 delivery(5) for details.


              _\bT_\bh_\be _\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be


                 The ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by file controls how local  delivery  is  performed.
                 Each  line  of  this  file  consists  of  five fields, separated by
                 white-space or comma.  Since double-quotes are honored, these char-
                 acters may be included in a single argument by enclosing the entire
                 argument in double-quotes.   A  double-quote  can  be  included  by
                 preceding  it  with  a  backslash.   Lines  beginning  with `#' are
                 ignored.  The format of each line in the ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by file is:


                         header  pattern action  result  string

                 header:
                      The name of a header field that is to be searched for  a  pat-
                      tern.   This  is  any field in the headers of the message that
                      might be present.   The  following  special  fields  are  also
                      defined:

                      _\bs_\bo_\bu_\br_\bc_\be    the out-of-band sender information
                      _\ba_\bd_\bd_\br      the address that was used to cause delivery  to  the
                                recipient
                      _\bd_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt   this  matches  _\bo_\bn_\bl_\by  if  the  message  hasn't   been
                                delivered yet
                      *         this always matches

                 pattern:
                      The sequence of characters to match in  the  specified  header
                      field.  Matching is case-insensitive, but does not use regular
                      expressions.

                 action:
                      The action to take to deliver the message:

                      _\bd_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bo_\by   This action always succeeds.

                      _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be or > Append the message to the file named by string.  The
                                message is appended to the file in the maildrop for-
                                mat which is used by your message transport  system.
                                If  the  message  can  be appended to the file, then
                                this action succeeds.  When writing to the  file,  a
                                "Delivery-Date: date"  header  is  added which indi-
                                cates the date and time that message was appended to
                                the file.

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            SLOCAL(1)                         -99-                         SLOCAL(1)


                      _\bm_\bb_\bo_\bx      Identical to _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, but always  appends  the  message
                                using  the  format  used  by _\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk_\bf (the MMDF mailbox
                                format).

                      _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be or | Pipe the message as the standard input to  the  com-
                                mand  named  by string, using the Bourne shell _\bs_\bh(1)
                                to interpret the string.  Prior to giving the string
                                to  the  shell,  it  is  expanded with the following
                                built-in variables:

                                $(sender) the out-of-band sender information
                                $(address)  the  address  that  was  used  to  cause
                                          delivery to the recipient
                                $(size)   the size of the message in bytes
                                $(reply-to) either the "Reply-To:" or "From:"  field
                                          of the message
                                $(info)   the out-of-band information specified
                      _\bq_\bp_\bi_\bp_\be or
                      <_\bc_\ba_\br_\be_\bt>   Similar to _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be, but executes the command  directly,
                                after  built-in  variable  expansion, without assis-
                                tance from the shell.  This action can  be  used  to
                                avoid  quoting  special  characters which your shell
                                might interpret.

                 result:
                      Indicates how the action should be performed:

                      _\bA         Perform the action.  If the  action  succeeds,  then
                                the message is considered delivered.

                      _\bR         Perform the action.  Regardless of  the  outcome  of
                                the action, the message is not considered delivered.

                      ?         Perform the action only if the message has not  been
                                delivered.  If the action succeeds, then the message
                                is considered delivered.

                      _\bN         Perform the action only if the message has not  been
                                delivered  and  the  previous  action succeeded.  If
                                this action succeeds, then the message is considered
                                delivered.

                 To summarize, here's an example:

                 #_\bf_\bi_\be_\bl_\bd   _\bp_\ba_\bt_\bt_\be_\br_\bn   _\ba_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn  _\br_\be_\bs_\bu_\bl_\bt    _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg
                 # lines starting with a '#' are ignored, as are blank lines
                 #
                 # file mail with mmdf2 in the "To:" line into file mmdf2.log
                 _\bT_\bo       _\bm_\bm_\bd_\bf_\b2      _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be     _\bA       _\bm_\bm_\bd_\bf_\b2._\bl_\bo_\bg
                 # Messages from mmdf pipe to the program err-message-archive
                 _\bF_\br_\bo_\bm     _\bm_\bm_\bd_\bf       _\bp_\bi_\bp_\be     _\bA       /_\bb_\bi_\bn/_\be_\br_\br-_\bm_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be-_\ba_\br_\bc_\bh_\bi_\bv_\be
                 # Anything with the "Sender:" address "mh-workers"

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            SLOCAL(1)                        -100-                         SLOCAL(1)


                 # file in mh.log if not filed already
                 _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd_\be_\br   _\bm_\bh-_\bw_\bo_\br_\bk_\be_\br_\bs _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be     ?       _\bm_\bh._\bl_\bo_\bg
                 # "To:" unix - put in file unix-news
                 _\bT_\bo       _\bU_\bn_\bi_\bx        >       _\bA       _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bx-_\bn_\be_\bw_\bs
                 # if the address is jpo=ack - send an acknowledgement copy back
                 _\ba_\bd_\bd_\br     _\bj_\bp_\bo=_\ba_\bc_\bk     |       _\bR       "/_\bb_\bi_\bn/_\br_\be_\bs_\be_\bn_\bd -_\br $(_\br_\be_\bp_\bl_\by-_\bt_\bo)"
                 # anything from steve - destroy!
                 _\bF_\br_\bo_\bm     _\bs_\bt_\be_\bv_\be    _\bd_\be_\bs_\bt_\br_\bo_\by    _\bA       -
                 # anything not matched yet - put into mailbox
                 _\bd_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt  -           >       ?       _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bb_\bo_\bx
                 # always run rcvtty
                 *        -           |       _\bR       /_\bm_\bh/_\bl_\bi_\bb/_\br_\bc_\bv_\bt_\bt_\by

                 The file is always read completely, so that several matches can  be
                 made and several actions can be taken.  The ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by file must
                 be owned either by the user or by root, and must be  writable  only
                 by  the  owner.  If the ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by file cannot be found, or does
                 not perform an action which delivers the  message,  then  the  file
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/maildelivery is read according to the same rules.
                 This file must be owned by the root and must be  writable  only  by
                 the  root.   If  this  file  cannot be found or does not perform an
                 action which delivers the message, then standard  delivery  to  the
                 user's maildrop is performed.


              _\bS_\bu_\bb-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\be_\bn_\bv_\bi_\br_\bo_\bn_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt

                 When a process is invoked, its environment is:  the  user/group-ids
                 are   set   to  recipient's  ids;  the  working  directory  is  the
                 recipient's home directory; the umask is 0077; the process  has  no
                 /dev/tty;  the  standard  input is set to the message; the standard
                 output and diagnostic output are set to /dev/null; all other  file-
                 descriptors  are  closed;  the envariables $USER, $HOME, $SHELL are
                 set appropriately, and no other envariables exist.

                 The process is given a certain amount of time to execute.   If  the
                 process  does  not exit within this limit, the process will be ter-
                 minated with extreme prejudice.  The amount of time  is  calculated
                 as  ((size  x 60) + 300) seconds, where size is the number of bytes
                 in the message.

                 The exit status of the process is consulted in determining the suc-
                 cess  of  the action.  An exit status of zero means that the action
                 succeeded.  Any other exit status (or abnormal  termination)  means
                 that the action failed.

                 In order to avoid any time limitations, you might implement a  pro-
                 cess  that began by _\bf_\bo_\br_\bk_\bi_\bn_\bg.  The parent would return the appropri-
                 ate value immediately, and the child could continue on, doing what-
                 ever it wanted for as long as it wanted.  This approach is somewhat
                 risky if the parent is going to return an exit status of zero.   If
                 the  parent  is  going  to return a non-zero exit status, then this

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            SLOCAL(1)                        -101-                         SLOCAL(1)


                 approach can lead to quicker delivery into your maildrop.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         MH tailor file
                 $HOME/.maildelivery                 The file controlling local delivery
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/maildelivery      Rather than the standard file
                 /usr/spool/mail/$USER               The default maildrop


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 rcvstore(1), mhook(1), mh-format(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-noverbose'
                 `-maildelivery .maildelivery'
                 `-mailbox /usr/spool/mail/$USER'
                 `-file' defaults to stdin
                 `-user' defaults to the current user


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 _\bS_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl is designed to be backward-compatible with the  _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by
                 facility  provided by _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF-_\bI_\bI.  Thus, the ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by file syntax
                 is limited, as is the functionality of _\bs_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl.

                 In addition to an exit status of zero, the _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF values _\bR_\bP__\bM_\bO_\bK  (32)
                 and  _\bR_\bP__\bO_\bK (9) mean that the message has been fully delivered.  Any
                 other non-zero exit status, including abnormal termination, is  in-
                 terpreted  as the _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF value _\bR_\bP__\bM_\bE_\bC_\bH (200), which means "use an al-
                 ternate route" (deliver the message to the maildrop).


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Only two return codes are meaningful, others should be.

                 _\bS_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl is designed to be backwards-compatible with the _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by
                 functionality provided by MMDF-II.

                 Versions of _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF with the _\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by  mechanism  aren't  entirely
                 backwards-compatible with earlier versions of _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF.  If you have an
                 _\bM_\bM_\bD_\bF-_\bI old-style hook, the best you can do is to  have  a  one-line
                 ._\bm_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bd_\be_\bl_\bi_\bv_\be_\br_\by file:

                      default - pipe A "bin/rcvmail $(address) $(info) $(sender)"




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SORTM(1)                         -102-                          SORTM(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 sortm - sort messages

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 sortm [+folder] [msgs] [-datefield field] [-textfield field]
                      [-notextfield] [-limit days] [-nolimit] [-verbose]
                      [-noverbose] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bS_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm sorts the specified messages in the named folder according to
                 the chronological order of the "Date:" field of each message.

                 The `-verbose' switch directs _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm to tell the  user  the  general
                 actions that it is taking to place the folder in sorted order.

                 The `-datefield field' switch tells _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm the name of the field  to
                 use  when  making  the  date comparison.  If the user has a special
                 field in each message, such as  "BB-Posted:"  or  "Delivery-Date:",
                 then  the  `-datefield'  switch  can  be used to direct _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm which
                 field to examine.

                 The `-textfield field' switch causes _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm to sort messages by  the
                 specified  text  field.   If  this  field is "subject", any leading
                 "re:" is stripped off.  In any case, all characters except  letters
                 and  numbers  are  stripped  and  the  resulting strings are sorted
                 datefield-major, textfield-minor, using  a  case  insensitive  com-
                 parison.

                 With `-textfield field', if `-limit days'  is  specified,  messages
                 with  similar textfields that are dated within `days' of each other
                 appear together.  Specifying `-nolimit' makes the  limit  infinity.
                 With   `-limit  0',  the  sort  is  instead  made  textfield-major,
                 date-minor.

                 For example, to order a folder by date-major, subject-minor, use:

                      sortm -textfield subject +folder


            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Current-Folder:      To find the default current folder


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 folder (1)


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            SORTM(1)                         -103-                          SORTM(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `+folder' defaults to the current folder
                 `msgs' defaults to all
                 `-datefield date'
                 `-notextfield'
                 `-noverbose'
                 `-nolimit'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 If a folder is given, it will become the current  folder.   If  the
                 current  message  is  moved,  _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm  will  preserve  its  status as
                 current.


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 Timezones used to be ignored when comparing dates: they aren't  any
                 more.

                 Messages which were in the folder, but  not  specified  by  `msgs',
                 used  to  be  moved to the end of the folder; now such messages are
                 left untouched.

                 _\bS_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm sometimes did not preserve the message numbering in a  folder
                 (e.g.,  messages 1, 3, and 5, might have been renumbered to 1, 2, 3
                 after sorting).  This was a bug, and has been fixed.   To  compress
                 the message numbering in a folder, use "_\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br -_\bp_\ba_\bc_\bk" as always.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 If _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm encounters a message without a date-field, or if the  mes-
                 sage  has a date-field that _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm cannot parse, then _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm attempts
                 to keep the message in the same relative position.  This  does  not
                 always  work.  For instance, if the first message encountered lacks
                 a date which can be parsed, then it will usually be placed  at  the
                 end of the messages being sorted.

                 When _\bs_\bo_\br_\bt_\bm complains about a message which it can't temporally ord-
                 er,  it  complains  about  the message number _\bp_\br_\bi_\bo_\br to sorting.  It
                 should indicate what the message number will be _\ba_\bf_\bt_\be_\br sorting.













            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            VMH(1)                           -104-                            VMH(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 vmh - visual front-end to MH

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 vmh [-prompt string] [-vmhproc program] [-novmhproc]
                      [switches for _\bv_\bm_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bv_\bm_\bh is a program which implements the server side of the _\bM_\bH  window
                 management  protocol  and  uses  _\bc_\bu_\br_\bs_\be_\bs (3)  routines to maintain a
                 split-screen interface to any program which implements  the  client
                 side  of the protocol.  This latter program, called the _\bv_\bm_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, is
                 specified using the `-vmhproc program' switch.

                 The upshot of all this is that one can run _\bm_\bs_\bh on a display  termi-
                 nal and get a nice visual interface.  To do this, for example, just
                 add the line

                      mshproc: vmh

                 to your .mh_profile.  (This takes advantage of the fact that _\bm_\bs_\bh is
                 the default _\bv_\bm_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc for _\bv_\bm_\bh.)

                 In order to facilitate things, if the `-novmhproc' switch is given,
                 and  _\bv_\bm_\bh  can't  run  on  the  user's  terminal, the _\bv_\bm_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is run
                 directly without the window management protocol.

                 After initializing the protocol, _\bv_\bm_\bh prompts the user for a command
                 to  be  given to the client.  Usually, this results in output being
                 sent to one or more windows.  If a output to a window  would  cause
                 it  to  scroll, _\bv_\bm_\bh prompts the user for instructions, roughly per-
                 mitting the capabilities of _\bl_\be_\bs_\bs or  _\bm_\bo_\br_\be  (e.g.,  the  ability  to
                 scroll backwards and forwards):

                      SPACE      advance to the next windowful
                      RETURN  *  advance to the next line
                      y       *  retreat to the previous line
                      d       *  advance to the next ten lines
                      u       *  retreat to the previous ten lines
                      g       *  go to an arbitrary line
                                 (preceed g with the line number)
                      G       *  go to the end of the window
                                 (if a line number is given, this acts like `g')
                      CTRL-L     refresh the entire screen
                      h          print a help message
                      q          abort the window

                 (A `*' indicates that a numeric prefix is meaningful for this  com-
                 mand.)

                 Note that if a command resulted in more than one window's worth  of

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            VMH(1)                           -105-                            VMH(1)


                 information  being  displayed,  and  you allow the command which is
                 generating information for the window to gracefully  finish  (i.e.,
                 you  don't  use  the `q' command to abort information being sent to
                 the window), then _\bv_\bm_\bh will give you one last change to  peruse  the
                 window.   This  is  useful for scrolling back and forth.  Just type
                 `q' when you're done.

                 To abnormally terminate _\bv_\bm_\bh (without core dump), use  <QUIT>  (usu-
                 ally  CTRL-\).   For instance, this does the "right" thing with _\bb_\bb_\bc
                 and _\bm_\bs_\bh.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 msh(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-prompt (vmh) '
                 `-vmhproc msh'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-prompt' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle  token by the shell that invokes _\bv_\bm_\bh.  Therefore, one must usu-
                 ally place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.

                 At present, there is no way to pass signals (e.g., interrupt, quit)
                 to the client.  However, generating QUIT when _\bv_\bm_\bh is reading a com-
                 mand from the terminal is sufficient to tell the client to go  away
                 quickly.

                 Acts strangely (loses peer or botches  window  management  protocol
                 with peer) on random occasions.









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            WHATNOW(1)                       -106-                        WHATNOW(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 whatnow - prompting front-end for send

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 whatnow [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-prompt string] [file] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bW_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw is the default program that  queries  the  user  about  the
                 disposition  of a composed draft.  It is normally invoked by one of
                 _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, or _\br_\be_\bp_\bl after the initial edit.

                 When started, the editor is started on the draft (unless  `-noedit'
                 is  given,  in  which  case the initial edit is suppressed).  Then,
                 _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw repetitively prompts the user with "What now?" and awaits a
                 response.  The valid responses are:

                 display         to list the message being distributed/replied-to on
                                 the terminal
                 edit            to re-edit using the same editor that was used on the
                                 preceding round unless a profile entry
                                 "<lasteditor>-next: <editor>" names an alternate editor
                 edit <editor>   to invoke <editor> for further editing
                 list            to list the draft on the terminal
                 push            to send the message in the background
                 quit            to terminate the session and preserve the draft
                 quit -delete    to terminate, then delete the draft
                 refile +folder  to refile the draft into the given folder
                 send            to send the message
                 send -watch     to cause the delivery process to be monitored
                 whom            to list the addresses that the message will go to
                 whom -check     to list the addresses and verify that they are
                                 acceptable to the transport service

                 For the edit response, any valid switch to  the  editor  is  valid.
                 Similarly,  for  the  send  and whom responses, any valid switch to
                 _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1) and _\bw_\bh_\bo_\bm (1) commands, respectively, are valid.   For  the
                 push  response,  any  valid  switch  to  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1) is valid (as this
                 merely invokes _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd with  the  `-push'  option).   For  the  _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be
                 response,  any  valid  switch  to  the  _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is valid.  For the
                 display and list responses, any valid  argument  to  the  _\bl_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc  is
                 valid.   If any non-switch arguments are present, then the pathname
                 of the draft will be excluded from the argument list given  to  the
                 _\bl_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc (this is useful for listing another _\bM_\bH message).

                 See _\bm_\bh-_\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be (5) for further information about  how  editors  are
                 used  by MH.  It also discusses how complex envariables can be used
                 to direct _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw's actions.

                 The `-prompt string' switch sets the prompting string for _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw.


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            WHATNOW(1)                       -107-                        WHATNOW(1)


                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 <mh-dir>/draft                      The draft file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Editor:              To override the default editor
                 <lasteditor>-next:   To name an editor to be used after  exit  from
                 <lasteditor>
                 fileproc:            Program to refile the message
                 lproc:               Program to list the contents of a message
                 sendproc:            Program to use to send the message
                 whomproc:            Program to determine who a message would go to


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 send(1), whom(1)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-prompt "What Now? "'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-prompt' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle  token  by the shell that invokes _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw.  Therefore, one must
                 usually place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.

                 If the initial edit fails, _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw deletes your draft (by  renaming
                 it  with  a  leading  comma); failure of a later edit preverves the
                 draft.

                 If _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw, then _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl  use  a
                 built-in  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw,  and  do  not  actually run the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw program.
                 Hence, if you define your own _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't  call  it  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw
                 since it won't be run.

                 If _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc is _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd, then _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw uses a built-in _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd, it does not
                 actually  run  the  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  program.   Hence,  if you define your own
                 _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, don't call it _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd since _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw won't run it.


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            WHATNOW(1)                       -108-                        WHATNOW(1)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 whom - report to whom a message would go

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 whom [-alias aliasfile] [-check] [-nocheck] [-draft]
                      [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [file] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bW_\bh_\bo_\bm is used to expand the headers of  a  message  into  a  set  of
                 addresses  and  optionally verify that those addresses are deliver-
                 able at that time (if `-check' is given).

                 The `-draftfolder +folder' and `-draftmessage msg' switches  invoke
                 the _\bM_\bH draft folder facility.  This is an advanced (and highly use-
                 ful) feature.  Consult the Advanced  Features  section  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 manual for more information.

                 The files specified by the profile entry "Aliasfile:" and any addi-
                 tional  alias  files given by the `-alias aliasfile' switch will be
                 read (more than one file,  each   preceeded  by  `-alias',  can  be
                 named).  See _\bm_\bh-_\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs (5) for more information.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory
                 Draft-Folder:        To find the default draft-folder
                 Aliasfile:           For a default alias file
                 postproc:            Program to post the message


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh-alias(5), post(8)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `file' defaults to <mh-dir>/draft
                 `-nocheck'
                 `-alias /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None






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            WHOM(1)                          -109-                           WHOM(1)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 With the `-check' option, _\bw_\bh_\bo_\bm makes no  guarantees  that  the  ad-
                 dresses  listed  as being ok are really deliverable, rather, an ad-
                 dress being listed as ok means that at the time that _\bw_\bh_\bo_\bm  was  run
                 the address was thought to be deliverable by the transport service.
                 For local addresses, this is absolute; for  network  addresses,  it
                 means  that the host is known; for uucp addresses, it (often) means
                 that the _\bU_\bU_\bC_\bP network is available for use.













































                 [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









                                                  -110-


                 _\bM_\bO_\bR_\bE _\bD_\bE_\bT_\bA_\bI_\bL_\bS

                      This section describes some of the more intense points  of  the  _\bM_\bH
                 system,  by  expanding  on  topics  previously  discussed.   The  format
                 presented conforms to the standard form  for  the  description  of  UNIX
            documentation.

























































            MH-ALIAS(5)                      -111-                       MH-ALIAS(5)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mh-alias - alias file for MH message system

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 any _\bM_\bH command

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 This describes both _\bM_\bH personal alias files and the (primary) alias
                 file for mail delivery, the file

                         /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases

                 It does not describe aliases files used by  the  message  transport
                 system.  Each line of the alias file has the format:

                         alias : address-group
                 or
                         alias ; address-group
                 or
                         < alias-file
                 or
                         ; comment

                 where:

                         address-group  :=  address-list
                                        |   "<" file
                                        |   "=" UNIX-group
                                        |   "+" UNIX-group
                                        |   "*"

                         address-list   :=  address
                                        |   address-list, address

                 Continuation lines in alias files end with `\' followed by the new-
                 line character.

                 Alias-file and file are UNIX file names.   UNIX-group  is  a  group
                 name  (or  number)  from  /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp.   An  address  is  a "simple"
                 Internet-style address.  Througout  this  file,  case  is  ignored,
                 except for alias-file names.

                 If the line starts with a `<', then the file named after the `<' is
                 read  for more alias definitions.  The reading is done recursively,
                 so a `<' may occur in the beginning  of  an  alias  file  with  the
                 expected results.

                 If the address-group starts with a `<', then the file  named  after
                 the  `<' is read and its contents are added to the address-list for
                 the alias.


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            MH-ALIAS(5)                      -112-                       MH-ALIAS(5)


                 If the address-group starts with an `=', then the  file  /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp
                 is  consulted  for  the UNIX-group named after the `='.  Each login
                 name  occurring  as  a  member  of  the  group  is  added  to   the
                 address-list for the alias.

                 In contrast, if the address-group starts with a `+', then the  file
                 /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp is consulted to determine the group-id of the UNIX-group
                 named after the `+'.  Each login name occurring in the  /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bs_\bw_\bd
                 file  whose  group-id  is  indicated  by this group is added to the
                 address-list for the alias.

                 If the address-group is simply `*', then the  file  /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bs_\bw_\bd  is
                 consulted and all login names with a userid greater than some magic
                 number (usually 200) are added to the address-list for the alias.

                 In match, a trailing * on an alias will match just  about  anything
                 appropriate.  (See example below.)

                 An approximation of the way aliases are resolved at posting time is
                 (it's not really done this way):

                      1) Build a list of  all  addresses  from  the  message  to  be
                      delivered, eliminating duplicate addresses.

                      2) If this draft originated on the local host, then for  those
                      addresses  in the message that have no host specified, perform
                      alias resolution.

                      3) For each line in the alias file,  compare  "alias"  against
                      all of the existing addresses.  If a match, remove the matched
                      "alias" from the address list, and add each new address in the
                      address-group  to the address list if it is not already on the
                      list.  The alias itself is  not  usually  output,  rather  the
                      address-group  that  the  alias maps to is output instead.  If
                      "alias" is terminated with a `;' instead of a `:',  then  both
                      the  "alias" and the address are output in the correct format.
                      (This makes replies possible since  _\bM_\bH  aliases  and  personal
                      aliases are unknown to the mail transport system.)

                 Since the alias file is read line by line, forward references work,
                 but  backward  references  are  not  recognized,  thus, there is no
                 recursion.











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            MH-ALIAS(5)                      -113-                       MH-ALIAS(5)


                 Example:
                      </usr/local/lib/mh/BBoardAliases
                      sgroup: fred, fear, freida
                      b-people: Blind List: bill, betty;
                      fred: frated@UCI
                      UNIX-committee: <unix.aliases
                      staff: =staff
                      wheels: +wheel
                      everyone: *
                      news.*: news

                 The first line says that more aliases should  immediately  be  read
                 from  the  file  /_\bu_\bs_\br/_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl/_\bl_\bi_\bb/_\bm_\bh/_\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bA_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs.   Following this,
                 "fred" is defined as an alias for  "frated@UCI",  and  "sgroup"  is
                 defined  as  an alias for the three names "frated@UCI", "fear", and
                 "freida".

                 The alias "b-people" is a blind list which includes  the  addresses
                 "bill"   and  "betty";  the  message  will  be  delieved  to  those
                 addresses, but the message header will  show only "Blind  List:  ;"
                 (not the addresses).

                 Next, the definition of "UNIX-committee" is given  by  reading  the
                 file  _\bu_\bn_\bi_\bx._\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs_\be_\bs in the users _\bM_\bH directory, "staff" is defined as
                 all users who are listed as members of the  group  "staff"  in  the
                 /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp  file,  and  "wheels"  is  defined  as  all  users whose
                 group-id in /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bs_\bw_\bd is equivalent to the "wheel" group.

                 Finally, "everyone" is defined as  all  users  with  a  user-id  in
                 /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bs_\bw_\bd   greater  than  200,  and  all  aliases  of  the  form
                 "news.<anything>" are defined to be "news".

                 The key thing to understand about aliasing in _\bM_\bH is that aliases in
                 _\bM_\bH  alias  files  are expanded into the headers of messages posted.
                 This aliasing occurs first, at posting time, without the  knowledge
                 of  the  message  transport  system.  In contrast, once the message
                 transport system is given  a  message  to  deliver  to  a  list  of
                 addresses, for each address that appears to be local, a system-wide
                 alias file is consulted.  These aliases are NOT expanded  into  the
                 headers of messages delivered.

            _\bH_\be_\bl_\bp_\bf_\bu_\bl _\bH_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bs

                 To use aliasing in _\bM_\bH quickly, do the following:

                      First, in your ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, choose a name for your alias file,
                      say "aliases", and add the line:

                           Aliasfile: aliases

                      Second, create the file "aliases" in your _\bM_\bH directory.


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            MH-ALIAS(5)                      -114-                       MH-ALIAS(5)


                      Third,  start  adding  aliases  to  your  "aliases"  file   as
                      appropriate.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases       Primary alias file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Aliasfile:           For a default alias file


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 ali(1), send(1), whom(1), group(5), passwd(5), conflict(8), post(8)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 In previous releases of _\bM_\bH, only  a  single,  system-wide  mh-alias
                 file  was  supported.  This led to a number of problems, since only
                 mail-system administrators were capable  of  (un)defining  aliases.
                 Hence,  the semantics of mh-alias were extended to support personal
                 alias files.  Users of _\bM_\bH no longer need to bother mail-system  ad-
                 ministrators for keeping information in the system-wide alias file,
                 as each _\bM_\bH user can create/modify/remove aliases at will  from  any
                 number of personal files.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 Although  the  forward-referencing  semantics  of  _\bm_\bh-_\ba_\bl_\bi_\ba_\bs   files
                 prevent  recursion,  the  "< alias-file"  command  may defeat this.
                 Since the number of file descriptors is finite (and very  limited),
                 such  infinite recursion will terminate with a meaningless diagnos-
                 tic when all the fds are used up.

                 Forward references do not work correctly inside blind lists.











            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -115-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mh-format - format file for MH message system

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 some _\bM_\bH commands

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 Several _\bM_\bH commands utilize either a _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt string or a _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt file
                 during their execution.  For example, _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn (1) uses a format string
                 which directs it how to generate the scan listing for each message;
                 _\br_\be_\bp_\bl (1)  uses  a  format file which directs it how to generate the
                 reply to a message, and so on.

                 Format strings are designed to be efficiently parsed  by  _\bM_\bH  which
                 means  they  are  not  necessarily  simple to write and understand.
                 This means that novice, casual, or even advanced users of _\bM_\bH should
                 not  have  to deal with them.  Some canned scan listing formats are
                 in  /usr/local/lib/mh/scan.time,  /usr/local/lib/mh/scan.size,  and
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/scan.timely.  Look in /usr/local/lib/mh for other
                 _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl format files which may  have  been  written  at  your
                 site.

                 It suffices to have your local _\bM_\bH expert actually write new  format
                 commands or modify existing ones.  This manual section explains how
                 to do that.   Note:  familiarity  with  the  C  _\bp_\br_\bi_\bn_\bt_\bf  routine  is
                 assumed.

                 A format string consists  of  ordinary  text,  and  special  multi-
                 character _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be sequences which begin with `%'.  When specifying a
                 format string, the usual C backslash characters are honored:  `\b',
                 `\f', `\n', `\r', and `\t'.  Continuation lines in format files end
                 with `\' followed by the newline character.  There are three  types
                 of  _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be  sequences:  header  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs, built-in _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs, and
                 flow _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl.

                 A _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt escape is specified as `%{_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt}', and  exists  for
                 each  header  found  in  the  message being processed.  For example
                 `%{date}' refers to the "Date:" field of the  appropriate  message.
                 All  component  escapes  have  a string value.  Normally, component
                 values are compressed by converting any control characters (tab and
                 newline  included)  to spaces, then eliding any leading or multiple
                 spaces.  However, commands may give  different  interpretations  to
                 some  component  escapes; be sure to refer to each command's manual
                 entry for complete details.

                 A _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn escape is specified as `%(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn)'.  All functions are
                 built-in, and most have a string or numeric value.





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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -116-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


              _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl-_\bf_\bl_\bo_\bw _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be_\bs

                 A _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\br_\bo_\bl escape is one of: `%<', `%?', `%|', or  `%>'.  These  are
                 combined into the conditional execution construct:

                         %<condition
                                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt _\b1
                         %?condition2
                                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt _\b2
                         %?condition3
                                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt _\b3
                         ...
                         %|
                                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt _\bN
                         %>

                 Extra white space is shown here only for clarity.  These constructs
                 may   be   nested   without   ambiguity.    They   form  a  general
                 if-elseif-else-endif block where only one of the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt  _\bt_\be_\bx_\bt  seg-
                 ments is interpreted.

                 The `%<'  and  `%?'  control  escapes  causes  a  condition  to  be
                 evaluated.  This condition may be either a _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt or a _\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn.
                 The four constructs have the following syntax:

                         %<{component}
                         %<(function)
                         %?{component}
                         %?(function)

                 These control escapes test whether the function or component  value
                 is   non-zero  (for  integer-valued  escapes),  or  non-empty  (for
                 string-valued escapes).

                 If this test evaulates true, then the format text up  to  the  next
                 corresponding control escape (one of `%|', `%?', or `%>') is inter-
                 preted normally.   Next,  all  format  text  (if  any)  up  to  the
                 corresponding  `%>'  control  escape  is skipped.  The `%>' control
                 escape is not interpreted; normal interpretation resumes after  the
                 `%>' escape.

                 If the test evaluates false, however, then the format  text  up  to
                 the next corresponding control escape (again, one of `%|', `%?', or
                 `%>') is skipped, instead of being  interpreted.   If  the  control
                 escape  encountered  was  `%?',  then the condition associated with
                 that control escape is evaluated, and interpretation proceeds after
                 that  test  as described in the previous paragraph.  If the control
                 escape encountered was  `%|',  then  the  format  text  up  to  the
                 corresponding  `%>'  escape is interpreted normally.  As above, the
                 `%>' escape is not interpreted and  normal  interpretation  resumes
                 after the `%>' escape.


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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -117-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


                 The `%?' control escape and its following format text is  optional,
                 and  may  be  included zero or more times.  The `%|' control escape
                 and its following format text is also optional, and may be included
                 zero or one times.


              _\bF_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be_\bs

                 Most functions expect an argument of a particular type:

                 _\bA_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn            _\bE_\bx_\ba_\bm_\bp_\bl_\be _\bS_\by_\bn_\bt_\ba_\bx
                 literal  A literal number,      %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc 1234)
                          or string              %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc text string)
                 comp     Any header component   %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc{_\bi_\bn-_\br_\be_\bp_\bl_\by-_\bt_\bo})
                 date     A date component       %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc{_\bd_\ba_\bt_\be})
                 addr     An address component   %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc{_\bf_\br_\bo_\bm})
                 expr     An optional component, %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2))
                          function or control,   %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc %<{_\br_\be_\bp_\bl_\by-_\bt_\bo}%|%{_\bf_\br_\bo_\bm}%>)
                          perhaps nested         %(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc(_\bf_\bu_\bn_\bc_\b2{_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp}))

                 The types _\bd_\ba_\bt_\be and _\ba_\bd_\bd_\br have the same syntax as _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,  but  require
                 that  the  header  component  be  a date string, or address string,
                 respectively.

                 All arguments except those of type _\be_\bx_\bp_\br are required.  For the _\be_\bx_\bp_\br
                 argument  type,  the  leading `%' must be omitted for component and
                 function escape arguments, and must  be  present  (with  a  leading
                 space) for control escape arguments.

                 The evaluation of format strings is based on a simple machine  with
                 an  integer  register  _\bn_\bu_\bm, and a text string register _\bs_\bt_\br.  When a
                 function escape is processed, if it accepts an optional _\be_\bx_\bp_\br  argu-
                 ment which is not present, it reads the current value of either _\bn_\bu_\bm
                 or _\bs_\bt_\br as appropriate.


              _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be_\bs

                 Component escapes write the value of their message header  in  _\bs_\bt_\br.
                 Function  escapes  write  their  return  value in _\bn_\bu_\bm for functions
                 returning _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br or _\bb_\bo_\bo_\bl_\be_\ba_\bn  values,  and  in  _\bs_\bt_\br  for  functions
                 returning string values.  (The _\bb_\bo_\bo_\bl_\be_\ba_\bn type is a subset of integers
                 with usual values 0=false and 1=true.)  Control  escapes  return  a
                 _\bb_\bo_\bo_\bl_\be_\ba_\bn value, and set _\bn_\bu_\bm.

                 All component escapes, and those function escapes which  return  an
                 _\bi_\bn_\bt_\be_\bg_\be_\br  or  _\bs_\bt_\br_\bi_\bn_\bg  value, pass this value back to their caller in
                 addition to setting _\bs_\bt_\br or _\bn_\bu_\bm.  These escapes will print out  this
                 value  unless  called  as  part  of  an  argument to another escape
                 sequence.  Escapes which return a _\bb_\bo_\bo_\bl_\be_\ba_\bn value do pass this  value
                 back to their caller in _\bn_\bu_\bm, but will never print out the value.


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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -118-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


                 _\bF_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn   _\bA_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn   _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 msg                 integer  message number
                 cur                 integer  message is current
                 size                integer  size of message
                 strlen              integer  length of _\bs_\bt_\br
                 width               integer  output buffer size in bytes
                 charleft            integer  bytes left in output buffer
                 timenow             integer  seconds since the UNIX epoch
                 me                  string   the user's mailbox
                 eq         literal  boolean  _\bn_\bu_\bm == _\ba_\br_\bg
                 ne         literal  boolean  _\bn_\bu_\bm != _\ba_\br_\bg
                 gt         literal  boolean  _\bn_\bu_\bm > _\ba_\br_\bg
                 match      literal  boolean  _\bs_\bt_\br contains _\ba_\br_\bg
                 amatch     literal  boolean  _\bs_\bt_\br starts with _\ba_\br_\bg
                 plus       literal  integer  _\ba_\br_\bg plus _\bn_\bu_\bm
                 minus      literal  integer  _\ba_\br_\bg minus _\bn_\bu_\bm
                 divide     literal  integer  _\bn_\bu_\bm divided by _\ba_\br_\bg
                 modulo     literal  integer  _\bn_\bu_\bm modulo _\ba_\br_\bg
                 num        literal  integer  Set _\bn_\bu_\bm to _\ba_\br_\bg
                 lit        literal  string   Set _\bs_\bt_\br to _\ba_\br_\bg
                 getenv     literal  string   Set _\bs_\bt_\br to environment value of _\ba_\br_\bg
                 profile    literal  string   Set _\bs_\bt_\br to profile component _\ba_\br_\bg value
                 nonzero    expr     boolean  _\bn_\bu_\bm is non-zero
                 zero       expr     boolean  _\bn_\bu_\bm is zero
                 null       expr     boolean  _\bs_\bt_\br is empty
                 nonnull    expr     boolean  _\bs_\bt_\br is non-empty
                 void       expr              Set _\bs_\bt_\br or _\bn_\bu_\bm
                 comp       comp     string   Set _\bs_\bt_\br to component text
                 compval    comp     integer  _\bn_\bu_\bm set to "atoi(_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp)"
                 trim       expr              trim trailing white-space from _\bs_\bt_\br
                 putstr     expr              print _\bs_\bt_\br
                 putstrf    expr              print _\bs_\bt_\br in a fixed width
                 putnum     expr              print _\bn_\bu_\bm
                 putnumf    expr              print _\bn_\bu_\bm in a fixed width

                 These functions require a date component as an argument:

                 _\bF_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn   _\bA_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn   _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 sec        date     integer  seconds of the minute
                 min        date     integer  minutes of the hour
                 hour       date     integer  hours of the day (0-23)
                 wday       date     integer  day of the week (Sun=0)
                 day        date     string   day of the week (abbrev.)
                 weekday    date     string   day of the week
                 sday       date     integer  day of the week known?
                                              (0=implicit,-1=unknown)
                 mday       date     integer  day of the month
                 yday       date     integer  day of the year
                 mon        date     integer  month of the year
                 month      date     string   month of the year (abbrev.)
                 lmonth     date     string   month of the year
                 year       date     integer  year (may be > 100)

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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -119-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


                 zone       date     integer  timezone in hours
                 tzone      date     string   timezone string
                 szone      date     integer  timezone explicit?
                                              (0=implicit,-1=unknown)
                 date2local date              coerce date to local timezone
                 date2gmt   date              coerce date to GMT
                 dst        date     integer  daylight savings in effect?
                 clock      date     integer  seconds since the UNIX epoch
                 rclock     date     integer  seconds prior to current time
                 tws        date     string   official 822 rendering
                 pretty     date     string   user-friendly rendering
                 nodate     date     integer  _\bs_\bt_\br not a date string

                 These functions require an address component as  an  argument.  The
                 return  value of functions noted with `*' pertain only to the first
                 address present in the header component.

                 _\bF_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn   _\bA_\br_\bg_\bu_\bm_\be_\bn_\bt _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn   _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 proper     addr     string   official 822 rendering
                 friendly   addr     string   user-friendly rendering
                 addr       addr     string   mbox@host or host!mbox rendering*
                 pers       addr     string   the personal name*
                 note       addr     string   commentary text*
                 mbox       addr     string   the local mailbox*
                 mymbox     addr     integer  the user's addresses? (0=no,1=yes)
                 host       addr     string   the host domain*
                 nohost     addr     integer  no host was present*
                 type       addr     integer  host type* (0=local,1=network,
                                              -1=uucp,2=unknown)
                 path       addr     string   any leading host route*
                 ingrp      addr     integer  address was inside a group*
                 gname      addr     string   name of group*
                 formataddr expr              append _\ba_\br_\bg to _\bs_\bt_\br as a
                                              (comma separated) address list
                 putaddr    literal           print _\bs_\bt_\br address list with
                                              _\ba_\br_\bg as optional label;
                                              get line width from _\bn_\bu_\bm

                 When escapes are nested, evaluation  is  done  from  inner-most  to
                 outer-most.   The  outer-most escape must begin with `%'; the inner
                 escapes must not.  For example,

                      %<(mymbox{from}) To: %{to}%>

                 writes the value of the header component "From:" to _\bs_\bt_\br; then (_\bm_\by_\bm_\b-
                 _\bb_\bo_\bx)  reads  _\bs_\bt_\br  and  writes  its  result to _\bn_\bu_\bm; then the control
                 escape evaluates _\bn_\bu_\bm.  If _\bn_\bu_\bm is non-zero, the  string  "To:  "  is
                 printed followed by the value of the header component "To:".

                 A minor explanation of (_\bm_\by_\bm_\bb_\bo_\bx{_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp}) is in order.  In general,  it
                 checks each of the addresses in the header component "_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp" against
                 the user's mailbox name and any  _\bA_\bl_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\ba_\bt_\be-_\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl_\bb_\bo_\bx_\be_\bs.   It  returns

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -120-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


                 true  if  any address matches, however, it also returns true if the
                 "_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp" header is not present in the message.  If needed, the (_\bn_\bu_\bl_\bl)
                 function can be used to explicitly test for this condition.

                 When a function or component escape is interpreted and  the  result
                 will  be immediately printed, an optional field width can be speci-
                 fied to print the field in exactly a given  number  of  characters.
                 For  example,  a  numeric escape like %4(_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be) will print at most 4
                 digits of the message size; overflow will be indicated by a `?'  in
                 the first position (like `?234').  A string escape like %4(_\bm_\be) will
                 print the first 4 characters and truncate at the end. Short  fields
                 are  padded  at  the  right  with  the  fill character (normally, a
                 blank).  If the field width argument begins with  a  leading  zero,
                 then the fill character is set to a zero.

                 As above, the functions (_\bp_\bu_\bt_\bn_\bu_\bm_\bf) and (_\bp_\bu_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bf) print their  result
                 in  exactly  the  number  of  characters specified by their leading
                 field width argument. For example,  %06(_\bp_\bu_\bt_\bn_\bu_\bm_\bf(_\bs_\bi_\bz_\be))  will  print
                 the message size in a field six characters wide filled with leading
                 zeros; %14(_\bp_\bu_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bf{_\bf_\br_\bo_\bm}) will print the "From:"  header  component
                 in  fourteen  characters with trailing spaces added as needed.  For
                 _\bp_\bu_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br_\bf, using a negative value for the field width  causes  right-
                 justification  of  the string within the field, with padding on the
                 left up to the field width.  The functions  (_\bp_\bu_\bt_\bn_\bu_\bm)  and  (_\bp_\bu_\bt_\bs_\bt_\br)
                 print  their  result  in the minimum number of characters required,
                 and ignore any leading field width argument.

                 The available output width is kept in  an  internal  register;  any
                 output past this width will be truncated.

                 Comments may be inserted in most places where a  function  argument
                 is  not expected.  A comment begins with `%;' and ends with a (non-
                 escaped) newline.

                 With all this in mind, here's the default format string  for  _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn.
                 It's  been  divided into several pieces for readability.  The first
                 part is:

                      %4(msg)%<(cur)+%| %>%<{replied}-%?{encrypted}E%| %>

                 which says that the  message  number  should  be  printed  in  four
                 digits,  if  the  message  is the current message then a `+' else a
                 space should be printed, and if a "Replied:" field is present  then
                 a  `-'  else if an "Encrypted:" field is present then an `E' other-
                 wise a space should be printed.  Next:

                      %02(mon{date})/%02(mday{date})

                 the month  and  date  are  printed  in  two  digits  (zero  filled)
                 separated by a slash.  Next,

                      %<{date} %|*>

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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -121-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


                 If a "Date:" field was present, then a space is printed,  otherwise
                 a `*'.  Next,

                      %<(mymbox{from})%<{to}To:%14(friendly{to})%>%>

                 if the message is from me, and there is a "To:" header, print `To:'
                 followed by a "user-friendly" rendering of the first address in the
                 "To:" field.  Continuing,

                      %<(zero)%17(friendly{from})%>

                 if either of the above two tests failed, then the  "From:"  address
                 is printed in a "user-friendly" format.  And finally,

                      %{subject}%<{body}<<%{body}%>

                 the subject and initial body (if any) are printed.

                 For a more complicated example, next consider the default _\br_\be_\bp_\bl_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bs
                 format file.

                      %(lit)%(formataddr %<{reply-to}

                 This clears _\bs_\bt_\br and formats the "Reply-To:" header if present.   If
                 not present, the else-if clause is executed.

                      %?{from}%?{sender}%?{return-path}%>)\

                 This formats the "From:",  "Sender:"  and  "Return-Path:"  headers,
                 stopping as soon as one of them is present.  Next:

                      %<(nonnull)%(void(width))%(putaddr To: )\n%>\

                 If the _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt_\ba_\bd_\bd_\br result is non-null, it is printed as  an  address
                 (with  line folding if needed) in a field _\bw_\bi_\bd_\bt_\bh wide with a leading
                 label of "To: ".

                      %(lit)%(formataddr{to})%(formataddr{cc})%(formataddr(me))\

                 _\bs_\bt_\br is cleared, and the "To:" and "Cc:"  headers,  along  with  the
                 user's  address  (depending  on  what  was specified with the "-cc"
                 switch to _\br_\be_\bp_\bl) are formatted.

                      %<(nonnull)%(void(width))%(putaddr cc: )\n%>\

                 If the result is non-null, it is printed as above  with  a  leading
                 label of "cc: ".

                      %<{fcc}Fcc: %{fcc}\n%>\

                 If a "-fcc folder" switch was given to _\br_\be_\bp_\bl (see _\br_\be_\bp_\bl (1) for  more
                 details about %{_\bf_\bc_\bc}), an "Fcc:" header is output.

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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -122-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


                      %<{subject}Subject: Re: %{subject}\n%>\

                 If a subject component was present, a  suitable  reply  subject  is
                 output.

                      %<{date}In-reply-to: Your message of "\
                      %<(nodate{date})%{date}%|%(pretty{date})%>."%<{message-id}
                                   %{message-id}%>\n%>\
                      --------

                 If a date component was present, an "In-Reply-To:" header is output
                 with the preface "Your message of ".  If the date was parseable, it
                 is output in a user-friendly format, otherwise it is output  as-is.
                 The message-id is included if present.  As with all plain-text, the
                 row of dashes are output as-is.

                 This last part is a good example for  a  little  more  elaboration.
                 Here's that part again in pseudo-code:

                      if (comp_exists(date))  then
                           print ("In-reply-to: Your message of \"")
                           if (not_date_string(date.value) then
                                print (date.value)
                           else
                                print (pretty(date.value))
                           endif
                           print ("\"")
                           if (comp_exists(message-id)) then
                                print ("\n\t")
                                print (message-id.value)
                           endif
                           print ("\n")
                      endif

                 Although this seems complicated, in point of fact, this  method  is
                 flexible  enough to extract individual fields and print them in any
                 format the user desires.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 None


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 scan(1), repl(1), ap(8), dp(8)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 None

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            MH-FORMAT(5)                     -123-                      MH-FORMAT(5)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 This software was contributed for MH 6.3.  Prior  to  this,  output
                 format  specifications  were much easier to write, but considerably
                 less flexible.


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 On hosts where _\bM_\bH was configured  with  the  BERK  option,  address
                 parsing is not enabled.








































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-MAIL(5)                       -124-                        MH-MAIL(5)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mh-mail - message format for MH message system

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 any _\bM_\bH command

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bM_\bH processes messages in a particular format.  It should  be  noted
                 that  although  neither  Bell  nor Berkeley mailers produce message
                 files in the format that _\bM_\bH prefers, _\bM_\bH can read message  files  in
                 that antiquated format.

                 Each user possesses a mail drop box which  initially  receives  all
                 messages  processed  by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8).  _\bI_\bn_\bc (1) will read from that drop
                 box and incorporate the new messages found there  into  the  user's
                 own  mail folders (typically `+inbox').  The mail drop box consists
                 of one or more messages.

                 Messages are expected to consist of lines of  text.   Graphics  and
                 binary data are not handled.  No data compression is accepted.  All
                 text is clear ASCII 7-bit data.

                 The general "memo" framework of RFC-822 is used.   A  message  con-
                 sists of a block of information in a rigid format, followed by gen-
                 eral text with no specified format.  The  rigidly  formatted  first
                 part of a message is called the header, and the free-format portion
                 is called the body.  The header must always exist, but the body  is
                 optional.   These  parts  are separated by an empty line, i.e., two
                 consecutive newline characters.  Within _\bM_\bH, the header and body may
                 be separated by a line consisting of dashes:

                      To:
                      cc:
                      Subject:
                      --------

                 The header is composed of one or more header  items.   Each  header
                 item  can  be  viewed as a single logical line of ASCII characters.
                 If the text of a header item extends across several real lines, the
                 continuation lines are indicated by leading spaces or tabs.

                 Each header item is called a component and is composed of a keyword
                 or  name,  along  with  associated text.  The keyword begins at the
                 left margin, may NOT contain spaces or  tabs,  may  not  exceed  63
                 characters  (as specified by RFC-822), and is terminated by a colon
                 (`:').  Certain components (as identified by their  keywords)  must
                 follow rigidly defined formats in their text portions.

                 The  text  for  most  formatted  components  (e.g.,   "Date:"   and
                 "Message-Id:") is produced automatically.  The only ones entered by
                 the user are address fields such as "To:",  "cc:",  etc.   Internet

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            MH-MAIL(5)                       -125-                        MH-MAIL(5)


                 addresses  are  assigned mailbox names and host computer specifica-
                 tions.  The rough format is "local@domain", such  as  "MH@UCI",  or
                 "MH@UCI-ICSA.ARPA".  Multiple addresses are separated by commas.  A
                 missing host/domain is assumed to be the local host/domain.

                 As mentioned above, a blank line (or a line of dashes) signals that
                 all  following text up to the end of the file is the body.  No for-
                 matting is expected or enforced within the body.

                 Following is a list of header components that are considered  mean-
                 ingful to various MH programs.
                 Date:
                      Added by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8), contains date and  time  of  the  message's
                      entry into the transport system.

                 From:
                      Added by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8), contains  the  address  of  the  author  or
                      authors  (may  be  more  than  one  if  a  "Sender:"  field is
                      present).  Replies are typically directed to addresses in  the
                      "Reply-To:"  or  "From:"  field  (the former has precedence if
                      present).

                 Sender:
                      Added by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8) in the event that the message already has  a
                      "From:"  line.   This  line contains the address of the actual
                      sender.  Replies are never sent to addresses in the  "Sender:"
                      field.

                 To:
                      Contains addresses of primary recipients.

                 cc:
                      Contains addresses of secondary recipients.

                 Bcc:
                      Still more recipients.  However, the "Bcc:" line is not copied
                      onto  the  message  as  delivered, so these recipients are not
                      listed.  _\bM_\bH uses an encapsulation method for blind copies, see
                      _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1).

                 Fcc:
                      Causes _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8) to copy the message into the specified  folder
                      for  the  sender, if the message was successfully given to the
                      transport system.

                 Message-ID:
                      A unique message identifier added by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8) if the  `-msgid'
                      flag is set.

                 Subject:
                      Sender's commentary.  It is displayed by _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn (1).


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            MH-MAIL(5)                       -126-                        MH-MAIL(5)


                 In-Reply-To:
                      A commentary line added by _\br_\be_\bp_\bl (1) when replying  to  a  mes-
                      sage.

                 Resent-Date:
                      Added when redistributing a message by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8).

                 Resent-From:
                      Added when redistributing a message by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8).

                 Resent-To:
                      New recipients for a message resent by _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt (1).

                 Resent-cc:
                      Still more recipients.  See "cc:" and "Resent-To:".

                 Resent-Bcc:
                      Even more recipients.  See "Bcc:" and "Resent-To:".

                 Resent-Fcc:
                      Copy  resent  message  into  a   folder.    See   "Fcc:"   and
                      "Resent-To:".

                 Resent-Message-Id:
                      A unique identifier glued on by _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt (8) if the `-msgid'  flag
                      is set.  See "Message-Id:" and "Resent-To:".

                 Resent:
                      Annotation for _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt (1) under the `-annotate' option.

                 Forwarded:
                      Annotation for _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw (1) under the `-annotate' option.

                 Replied:
                      Annotation for _\br_\be_\bp_\bl (1) under the `-annotate' option.


            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/spool/mail/$USER               Location of mail drop


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br  _\bt_\bh_\be  _\bF_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt  _\bo_\bf  _\bA_\bR_\bP_\bA  _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\be_\bt  _\bT_\be_\bx_\bt  _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be_\bs  (aka
                 RFC-822)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 None

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-MAIL(5)                       -127-                        MH-MAIL(5)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None



















































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -128-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mh-profile - user profile customization for MH message handler

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 Each user of _\bM_\bH is expected to have a file named ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be in his
                 or her home directory.  This file contains a set of user parameters
                 used by some or all of the _\bM_\bH family of programs.  Each line of the
                 file is of the format

                     _\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be-_\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt: _\bv_\ba_\bl_\bu_\be

                 The  possible  profile  components  are  exemplified  below.   Only
                 `Path:'  is  mandatory.  The others are optional; some have default
                 values if they are not present.  In the notation used below,  (pro-
                 file,  default)  indicates  whether  the information is kept in the
                 user's _\bM_\bH profile or _\bM_\bH context, and  indicates  what  the  default
                 value is.

                 Path: Mail
                           Locates _\bM_\bH transactions in directory  "Mail".   (profile,
                           no default)

                 context: context
                           Declares the location of the _\bM_\bH  context  file,  see  the
                           HISTORY     section     below.      (profile,    default:
                           <mh-dir>/context)

                 Current-Folder: inbox
                           Keeps  track  of  the  current  open  folder.   (context,
                           default: folder specified by "Inbox")

                 Inbox:  inbox
                           Defines the  name  of  your  inbox.   (profile,  default:
                           inbox)

                 Previous-Sequence: pseq
                           Names the sequences which should be defined as the `msgs'
                           or  `msg' argument given to the program.  If not present,
                           or empty, no sequences are defined.  Otherwise, for  each
                           name  given,  the  sequence is first zero'd and then each
                           message is added to the sequence.  (profile, no default)

                 Sequence-Negation: not
                           Defines the string which, when  prefixed  to  a  sequence
                           name,  negates that sequence.  Hence, "notseen" means all
                           those messages that are not  a  member  of  the  sequence
                           "seen".  (profile, no default)


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -129-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


                 Unseen-Sequence: unseen
                           Names the sequences which should be defined as those mes-
                           sages recently incorporated by _\bi_\bn_\bc.  _\bS_\bh_\bo_\bw knows to remove
                           messages from this sequence once it thinks they have been
                           seen.   If  not  present,  or  empty,  no  sequences  are
                           defined.   Otherwise,  each  message  is  added  to  each
                           sequence name given.  (profile, no default)

                 mh-sequences: .mh_sequences
                           The name of the file in each folder which defines  public
                           sequences.  To disable the use of public sequences, leave
                           the  value  portion  of  this  entry  blank.    (profile,
                           default: .mh_sequences)

                 atr-_\bs_\be_\bq-_\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br: 172 178-181 212
                           Keeps track of the private sequence  called  _\bs_\be_\bq  in  the
                           specified folder.  (context, no default)

                 Editor: /usr/ucb/ex
                           Defines  editor  to  be  used  by   _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp (1),   _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt (1),
                           _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw (1), and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl (1).  (profile, default: prompter)

                 Msg-Protect: 644
                           Defines octal protection bits  for  message  files.   See
                           _\bc_\bh_\bm_\bo_\bd (1)  for an explanation of the octal number.  (pro-
                           file, default: 0644)

                 Folder-Protect: 711
                           Defines protection bits for  folder  directories.   (pro-
                           file, default: 0711)

                 _\bp_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm: default switches
                           Sets default switches to be used whenever the mh  program
                           _\bp_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm  is invoked.  For example, one could override the
                           _\bE_\bd_\bi_\bt_\bo_\br: profile component when replying  to  messages  by
                           adding a component such as:
                                   repl: -editor /bin/ed
                           (profile, no defaults)

                 _\bl_\ba_\bs_\bt_\be_\bd_\bi_\bt_\bo_\br-next: nexteditor
                           Names "nexteditor" to be the default editor  after  using
                           "lasteditor".   This takes effect at "What now?" level in
                           _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl.  After editing the draft with
                           "lasteditor",  the  default editor is set to be "nextedi-
                           tor".  If the user types "edit" without any arguments  to
                           "What  now?",  then  "nexteditor"  is used.  (profile, no
                           default)

                 bboards: system
                           Tells _\bb_\bb_\bc which BBoards you are interested in.  (profile,
                           default: system)


            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -130-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


                 Folder-Stack: _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br_\bs
                           The contents of the folder-stack for the _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  command.
                           (context, no default)

                 mhe:
                           If present, tells _\bi_\bn_\bc to  compose  an  _\bM_\bH_\bE  auditfile  in
                           addition  to  its other tasks.  _\bM_\bH_\bE is Brian Reid's _\bE_\bm_\ba_\bc_\bs
                           front-end for _\bM_\bH.  An early version is supplied with  the
                           _\bm_\bh._\b6 distribution.  (profile, no default)

                 Alternate-Mailboxes: mh@uci-750a, bug-mh*
                           Tells _\br_\be_\bp_\bl and _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn which addresses are really yours.  In
                           this  way,  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl knows which addresses should be included
                           in the reply, and _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn knows if the message  really  ori-
                           ginated  from  you.   Addresses  must  be  separated by a
                           comma, and the hostnames listed should be the  "official"
                           hostnames  for the mailboxes you indicate, as local nick-
                           names for hosts are not replaced with their official site
                           names.   For  each  address, if a host is not given, then
                           that address on any host is considered  to  be  you.   In
                           addition,  an asterisk (`*') may appear at either or both
                           ends of the mailbox and host to indicate wild-card match-
                           ing.  (profile, default: your user-id)

                 Aliasfile: aliases other-alias
                           Indicates aliases files for _\ba_\bl_\bi, _\bw_\bh_\bo_\bm,  and  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd.   This
                           may  be  used instead of the `-alias file' switch.  (pro-
                           file, no default)

                 Draft-Folder: drafts
                           Indicates a default draft folder for  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt,  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,
                           and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl.  (profile, no default)

                 digest-issue-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt: 1
                           Tells _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw the last issue of the last volume sent for the
                           digest _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.  (context, no default)

                 digest-volume-_\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt: 1
                           Tells _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw the last volume  sent  for  the  digest  _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt.
                           (context, no default)

                 MailDrop: .mail
                           Tells _\bi_\bn_\bc your maildrop, if different from  the  default.
                           This is superceded by the MAILDROP envariable.  (profile,
                           default: /usr/spool/mail/$USER)

                 Signature: RAND MH System (agent: Marshall Rose)
                           Tells _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd your mail signature.  This  is  superceded  by
                           the  SIGNATURE  envariable.   If SIGNATURE is not set and
                           this profile entry is not present, the  "gcos"  field  of
                           the  /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bs_\bw_\bd  file  will be used; otherwise, on hosts
                           where _\bM_\bH was configured with the  UCI  option,  the  file

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            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -131-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


                           $HOME/.signature  is  consulted.   Your signature will be
                           added to the address _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd puts in the "From:" header;  do
                           not  include an address in the signature text.  (profile,
                           no default)

                 The following profile elements are  used  whenever  an  _\bM_\bH  program
                 invokes  some  other program such as _\bm_\bo_\br_\be (1).  The ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be can
                 be used to select alternate  programs  if  the  user  wishes.   The
                 default values are given in the examples.

                      fileproc:     /usr/local/refile
                      incproc:      /usr/local/inc
                      installproc:  /usr/local/lib/mh/install-mh
                      lproc:        /usr/ucb/more
                      mailproc:     /usr/local/mhmail
                      mhlproc:      /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl
                      moreproc:     /usr/ucb/more
                      mshproc:      /usr/local/msh
                      packproc:     /usr/local/packf
                      postproc:     /usr/local/lib/mh/post
                      rmmproc:      none
                      rmfproc:      /usr/local/rmf
                      sendproc:     /usr/local/send
                      showproc:     /usr/ucb/more
                      whatnowproc:  /usr/local/whatnow
                      whomproc:     /usr/local/whom

                 If you define the envariable MH, you can specify  a  profile  other
                 than ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be to be read by the _\bM_\bH programs that you invoke.  If
                 the value of MH is not absolute, (i.e., does not begin with a  / ),
                 it  will  be  presumed to start from the current working directory.
                 This is one of the very few exceptions  in  _\bM_\bH  where  non-absolute
                 pathnames are not considered relative to the user's _\bM_\bH directory.

                 Similarly, if you define the envariable MHCONTEXT, you can  specify
                 a  context  other than the normal context file (as specified in the
                 _\bM_\bH profile).  As always, unless the value of MHCONTEXT is absolute,
                 it will be presumed to start from your _\bM_\bH directory.

                 _\bM_\bH programs also support other envariables:

                 MAILDROP : tells _\bi_\bn_\bc the default maildrop
                      This supercedes the "MailDrop:" profile entry.

                 SIGNATURE : tells _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd and _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt your mail signature
                      This supercedes the "Signature:" profile entry.

                 HOME : tells all _\bM_\bH programs your home directory

                 SHELL : tells _\bb_\bb_\bl the default shell to run

                 TERM : tells _\bM_\bH your terminal type

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            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -132-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


                      The TERMCAP envariable  is  also  consulted.   In  particular,
                      these  tell  _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn  and _\bm_\bh_\bl how to clear your terminal, and how
                      many columns wide your terminal is.  They also  tell  _\bm_\bh_\bl  how
                      many lines long your terminal screen is.

                 editalt : the alternate message
                      This is set by _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl during edit sessions so  you  can
                      peruse  the message being distributed or replied to.  The mes-
                      sage is also available  through  a  link  called  "@"  in  the
                      current  directory  if  your current working directory and the
                      folder the message lives in are on the same UNIX filesystem.

                 mhdraft : the path to the working draft
                      This is set by _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl to  tell  the  _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\b-
                      _\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc  which  file  to  ask "What now?" questions about.  In
                      addition, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl set  mhfolder  if  appropriate.
                      Further,  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt  and  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl set mhaltmsg to tell the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc
                      about an alternate message associated with the draft (the mes-
                      sage being distributed or replied to), and _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt sets mhdist to
                      tell the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc that message  re-distribution  is  occur-
                      ring.   Also,  mheditor  is  set  to  tell the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc the
                      user's choice of  editor  (unless  overridden  by  `-noedit').
                      Similarly,  mhuse  may be set by _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp.  Finally, mhmessages is
                      set by _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl if annotations are to occur (along
                      with  mhannotate, and mhinplace).  It's amazing all the infor-
                      mation that has to get passed  via  envariables  to  make  the
                      "What now?" interface look squeaky clean to the _\bM_\bH user, isn't
                      it?  The reason for all this is that the _\bM_\bH  user  can  select
                      _\ba_\bn_\by  program as the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc, including one of the standard
                      shells.  As a result, it's not possible  to  pass  information
                      via an argument list.
                      If the WHATNOW option was set during  _\bM_\bH  configuration  (type
                      `-help'  to an _\bM_\bH command to find out), and if this envariable
                      is set, if the commands _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd, _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, or  _\bw_\bh_\bo_\bm  are  not
                      given  any  `msgs'  arguments, then they will default to using
                      the file indicated by mhdraft.  This is useful for getting the
                      default behavior supplied by the default _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc.

                 mhfolder : the folder containing the alternate message
                      This is set by _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl during edit sessions so  you  can
                      peruse  other  messages  in the current folder besides the one
                      being distributed or replied to.  The mhfolder  envariable  is
                      also set by _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, _\bp_\br_\be_\bv, and _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt for use by _\bm_\bh_\bl.

                 MHBBRC :
                      If you define the envariable MHBBRC, you can specify a BBoards
                      information  file  other than ._\bb_\bb_\br_\bc to be read by _\bb_\bb_\bc.  If the
                      value of MHBBRC is not absolute, (i.e., does not begin with  a
                      / ),  it  will  be  presumed to start from the current working
                      directory.

                 MHFD :

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            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -133-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


                      If the OVERHEAD option was set during _\bM_\bH  configuration  (type
                      `-help' to an _\bM_\bH command to find out), then if this envariable
                      is set, _\bM_\bH considers it to be the number of a file  descriptor
                      which  is  opened, read-only to the _\bM_\bH profile.  Similarly, if
                      the envariable MHCONTEXTFD is set, this is  the  number  of  a
                      file  descriptor  which is opened read-only to the _\bM_\bH context.
                      This feature of _\bM_\bH is experimental, and  is  used  to  examine
                      possible  speed  improvements for _\bM_\bH startup.  Note that these
                      envariables must be set and non-empty to enable this  feature.
                      However,  if OVERHEAD is enabled during _\bM_\bH configuration, then
                      when _\bM_\bH programs call other _\bM_\bH programs, this scheme is  used.
                      These file descriptors are not closed throughout the execution
                      of the _\bM_\bH program, so children may  take  advantage  of  this.
                      This approach is thought to be completely safe and does result
                      in some performance enhancements.


            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 or $MH                              Rather than the standard profile
                 <mh-dir>/context                    The user context
                 or $CONTEXT                         Rather than the standard context
                 <folder>/.mh_sequences              Public sequences for <folder>


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 All


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh(1), environ(5), mh-sequence(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 All














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            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -134-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


            _\bH_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bo_\br_\by
                 In previous versions of _\bM_\bH, the current-message value of a writable
                 folder  was  kept  in a file called "cur" in the folder itself.  In
                 _\bm_\bh._\b3, the ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be contained the current-message values for  all
                 folders, regardless of their writability.

                 In all versions of _\bM_\bH since _\bm_\bh._\b4,  the  ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be  contains  only
                 static  information, which _\bM_\bH programs will NOT update.  Changes in
                 context are made to the _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt file kept in the users MH  _\bd_\bi_\br_\be_\bc_\bt_\bo-
                 _\br_\by.  This includes, but is not limited to: the "Current-Folder" en-
                 try and all private sequence information.  Public sequence informa-
                 tion is kept in a file called ._\bm_\bh__\bs_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs in each folder.

                 To convert from the format used in releases of _\bM_\bH prior to the for-
                 mat used in the _\bm_\bh._\b4 release, _\bi_\bn_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bl_\bl-_\bm_\bh should be invoked with the
                 `-compat' switch.  This generally happens automatically on _\bM_\bH  sys-
                 tems generated with the "COMPAT" option during _\bM_\bH configuration.

                 The ._\bm_\bh__\bp_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be may override the  path  of  the  _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt  file,  by
                 specifying  a "context" entry (this must be in lower-case).  If the
                 entry is not absolute (does not start with a / ), then it is inter-
                 preted  relative  to the user's _\bM_\bH directory.  As a result, you can
                 actually have more than one set of private sequences by using  dif-
                 ferent context files.





























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            MH-PROFILE(5)                    -135-                     MH-PROFILE(5)


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The shell quoting conventions are not available in the .mh_profile.
                 Each token is separated by whitespace.

                 There is some question as to  what  kind  of  arguments  should  be
                 placed  in  the  profile  as  options.  In order to provide a clear
                 answer, recall command line semantics of all _\bM_\bH programs: conflict-
                 ing  switches  (e.g., `-header and `-noheader') may occur more than
                 one time on the command line, with the last switch  taking  effect.
                 Other  arguments, such as message sequences, filenames and folders,
                 are always remembered on the invocation line and are not superseded
                 by  following  arguments  of  the  same type.  Hence, it is safe to
                 place only switches (and their arguments) in the profile.

                 If one finds that an _\bM_\bH program is being invoked  again  and  again
                 with  the same arguments, and those arguments aren't switches, then
                 there are a few possible solutions to this problem.  The  first  is
                 to  create a (soft) link in your $_\bH_\bO_\bM_\bE/_\bb_\bi_\bn directory to the _\bM_\bH pro-
                 gram of your choice.  By giving this link a different name, you can
                 create  a new entry in your profile and use an alternate set of de-
                 faults for the _\bM_\bH command.  Similarly, you  could  create  a  small
                 shell script which called the _\bM_\bH program of your choice with an al-
                 ternate set of invocation line switches (using links and an  alter-
                 nate profile entry is preferable to this solution).

                 Finally, the _\bc_\bs_\bh user could create an alias for the command of  the
                 form:

                      alias cmd 'cmd arg1 arg2 ...'

                 In this way, the user can avoid lengthy type-in to the  shell,  and
                 still  give  _\bM_\bH commands safely.  (Recall that some _\bM_\bH commands in-
                 voke others, and that in all cases, the profile  is  read,  meaning
                 that aliases are disregarded beyond an initial command invocation)



















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            MH-SEQUENCE(5)                   -136-                    MH-SEQUENCE(5)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 mh-sequence - sequence specification for MH message system

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 most _\bM_\bH commands

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 Most _\bM_\bH commands accept a  `msg'  or  `msgs'  specification,  where
                 `msg'  indicates  one message and `msgs' indicates one or more mes-
                 sages.  To designate a message,  you  may  use  either  its  number
                 (e.g., 1, 10, 234) or one of these "reserved" message names:

                      _\bN_\ba_\bm_\be      _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                      first     the first message in the folder
                      last      the last message in the folder
                      cur       the most recently accessed message
                      prev      the message numerically preceding "cur"
                      next      the message numerically following "cur"

                 In commands that take a `msg' argument, the default is "cur".  As a
                 shorthand, "." is equivalent to "cur".

                 For example: In a folder containing five messages numbered  5,  10,
                 94,  177  and 325, "first" is 5 and "last" is 325.  If "cur" is 94,
                 then "prev" is 10 and "next" is 177.

                 The word `msgs' indicates that one or more messages may  be  speci-
                 fied.   Such a specification consists of one message designation or
                 of several message designations separated  by  spaces.   A  message
                 designation  consists either of a message name as defined above, or
                 a message range.

                 A message range is specified as "name1-name2"  or  "name:n",  where
                 `name',  `name1'  and  `name2'  are  message  names,  and `n' is an
                 integer.

                 The specification "name1-name2" designates  all  currently-existing
                 messages from `name1' to `name2' inclusive.  The message name "all"
                 is a shorthand for the message range "first-last".

                 The specification "name:n" designates up to  `n'  messages.   These
                 messages  start with `name' if `name' is a message number or one of
                 the reserved names "first" "cur", or "next", The messages end  with
                 `name'  if  `name'  is "prev" or "last".  The interpretation of `n'
                 may be overridden by preceding `n' with a plus or minus sign;  `+n'
                 always  means  up  to  `n'  messages starting with `name', and `-n'
                 always means up to `n' messages ending with `name'.

                 In commands which accept a `msgs' argument, the default  is  either
                 "cur"  or  "all", depending on which makes more sense for each com-
                 mand  (see  the  individual  man  pages  for  details).    Repeated

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            MH-SEQUENCE(5)                   -137-                    MH-SEQUENCE(5)


                 specifications of the same message have the same effect as a single
                 specification of the message.


              _\bU_\bs_\be_\br-_\bD_\be_\bf_\bi_\bn_\be_\bd _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs

                 In addition to the "reserved"  (pre-defined)  message  names  given
                 above,  _\bM_\bH  supports  user-defined  sequence  names.   User-defined
                 sequences allow the _\bM_\bH user a tremendous amount of power in dealing
                 with  groups of messages in the same folder by allowing the user to
                 bind a group of messages to a meaningful symbolic name.

                 The name used to denote a  message  sequence  must  consist  of  an
                 alphabetic  character followed by zero or more alphanumeric charac-
                 ters, and can not be one of the  "reserved"  message  names  above.
                 After  defining  a  sequence, it can be used wherever an _\bM_\bH command
                 expects a `msg' or `msgs' argument.

                 Some  forms  of  message  ranges  are  allowed  with   user-defined
                 sequences.   The  specification "name:n" may be used, and it desig-
                 nates up to the first `n' messages (or last `n' messages for  `-n')
                 which are elements of the user-defined sequence `name'.

                 The specifications "name:next" and "name:prev" may  also  be  used,
                 and  they  designate  the next or previous message (relative to the
                 current message) which is an element of the  user-defined  sequence
                 `name'.   The  specificaitions  "name:first"  and  "name:last"  are
                 equivalent to "name:1" and "name:-1", respectively.  The specifica-
                 tion  "name:cur" is not allowed (use just "cur" instead).  The syn-
                 tax of these message range specifcations is subject  to  change  in
                 the future.

                 User-defined sequence names are specific to each folder.  They  are
                 defined using the _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk commands.


              _\bP_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bP_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be _\bU_\bs_\be_\br-_\bD_\be_\bf_\bi_\bn_\be_\bd _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs

                 There are two varieties of sequences: _\bp_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc sequences and  _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be
                 sequences.   _\bP_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc  sequences of a folder are accessible to any _\bM_\bH
                 user that can read that folder and are kept  in  the  .mh_sequences
                 file  in  the folder.  _\bP_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be sequences are accessible only to the
                 _\bM_\bH user that defined those sequences and are kept in the user's  _\bM_\bH
                 context file.  By default, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk create _\bp_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc sequences if
                 the folder for which the sequences are being defined is writable by
                 the  _\bM_\bH  user.  Otherwise, _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be sequences are created.  This can
                 be overridden with the `-public' and `-private' switches to _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk.


              _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bN_\be_\bg_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn

                 _\bM_\bH provides the ability to select all messages not  elements  of  a

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            MH-SEQUENCE(5)                   -138-                    MH-SEQUENCE(5)


                 user-defined  sequence.   To  do  this,  the user should define the
                 entry "Sequence-Negation" in the _\bM_\bH profile file; its value may  be
                 any  string.  This string is then used to preface an existing user-
                 defined sequence name.  This specification  then  refers  to  those
                 messages not elements of the specified sequence name.  For example,
                 if the profile entry is:

                      Sequence-Negation: not

                 then anytime an _\bM_\bH command is given "notfoo" as a `msg'  or  `msgs'
                 argument, it would substitute all messages that are not elements of
                 the sequence "foo".

                 Obviously, the user should beware of defining sequences with  names
                 that begin with the value of the "Sequence-Negation" profile entry.


              _\bT_\bh_\be _\bP_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be

                 _\bM_\bH provides the ability to remember the `msgs'  or  `msg'  argument
                 last  given to an _\bM_\bH command.  The entry "Previous-Sequence" should
                 be defined in the _\bM_\bH profile; its value should be a  sequence  name
                 or  multiple  sequence names separated by spaces.  If this entry is
                 defined, when when an _\bM_\bH  command  finishes,  it  will  define  the
                 sequence(s)  named  in the value of this entry to be those messages
                 that were specified to the command.  Hence, a profile entry of

                      Previous-Sequence: pseq

                 directs any _\bM_\bH command that accepts a `msg' or `msgs'  argument  to
                 define the sequence "pseq" as those messages when it finishes.

                 Note:  there  can  be  a   performance   penalty   in   using   the
                 "Previous-Sequence"  facility.  If it is used, all _\bM_\bH programs have
                 to write the sequence information to the .mh_sequences file for the
                 folder  each  time  they  run.   If the "Previous-Sequence" profile
                 entry is not included,  only  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  and  _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk  will  write  to  the
                 .mh_sequences file.


              _\bT_\bh_\be _\bU_\bn_\bs_\be_\be_\bn _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be

                 Finally, some users like to indicate messages which have  not  been
                 previously seen by them.  Both _\bi_\bn_\bc and _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw honor the profile entry
                 "Unseen-Sequence" to support this  activity.   This  entry  in  the
                 .mh_profile  should  be  defined  as  one  or  more  sequence names
                 separated by spaces.  If there is a value for "Unseen-Sequence"  in
                 the profile, then whenever _\bi_\bn_\bc places new messages in a folder, the
                 new messages will also be added to the  sequence(s)  named  in  the
                 value of this entry.  Hence, a profile entry of

                      Unseen-Sequence: unseen

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            MH-SEQUENCE(5)                   -139-                    MH-SEQUENCE(5)


                 directs _\bi_\bn_\bc to add new messages to the sequence  "unseen".   Unlike
                 the  behavior of the "Previous-Sequence" entry in the profile, how-
                 ever, the sequence(s) will not be zeroed by _\bi_\bn_\bc.

                 Similarly, whenever _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw (or _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt or _\bp_\br_\be_\bv) displays a message, that
                 message   will   be   removed  from  any  sequences  named  by  the
                 "Unseen-Sequence" entry in the profile.


            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 <mh-dir>/context                    The user context
                 <folder>/.mh_sequences              Public sequences for <folder>


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Sequence-Negation:   To designate messages not in a sequence
                 Previous-Sequence:   The last message specification given
                 Unseen-Sequence:     Those messages not yet seen by the user


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh(1), mark(1), pick(1), mh-profile(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 All


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 User-defined sequences are stored in the .mh_sequences  file  as  a
                 series  of  message specifications separated by spaces.  If a user-
                 defined sequence contains too many  individual  message  specifica-
                 tions,  that line in the file may become too long for _\bM_\bH to handle.
                 This will generate the error message ".mh_sequences is poorly  for-
                 matted".   You'll  have  to edit the file by hand to remove the of-
                 fending line.

                 This can happen to users who define the  "Previous-Sequence"  entry
                 in  the  _\bM_\bH profile and have a folder containing many messages with
                 gaps in the numbering.  A workaround for large folders is to minim-
                 ize numbering gaps by using "folder -pack" often.







            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            AP(8)                            -140-                             AP(8)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 ap - parse addresses 822-style

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/ap [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-normalize] [-nonormalize] [-width columns] addrs ...
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bA_\bp is a program that parses addresses according to the ARPA  Inter-
                 net  standard.   It also understands many non-standard formats.  It
                 is useful for seeing how _\bM_\bH will interpret an address.

                 The _\ba_\bp program treats each argument as one or more  addresses,  and
                 prints  those  addresses out in the official 822-format.  Hence, it
                 is usually best to enclose each argument in double-quotes  for  the
                 shell.

                 To override the output format used by _\ba_\bp, the  `-format string'  or
                 `-format file'  switches  are used.  This permits individual fields
                 of the address to be extracted with ease.  The string is  simply  a
                 format   stringand   thefile   is   simply   a  format  file.   See
                 _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5) for the details.

                 In addition to the standard escapes, _\ba_\bp also recognizes the follow-
                 ing additional escape:

                 _\bE_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be  _\bR_\be_\bt_\bu_\br_\bn_\bs  _\bD_\be_\bs_\bc_\br_\bi_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 error   string   A diagnostic if the parse failed

                 If the `-normalize' switch is given, _\ba_\bp will try to track down  the
                 official hostname of the address.

                 Here is the default format string used by _\ba_\bp:

                      %<{error}%{error}: %{text}%|%(putstr(proper{text}))%>

                 which says that if an error was detected, print the error,  a  `:',
                 and  the address in error.  Otherwise, output the 822-proper format
                 of the address.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            AP(8)                            -141-                             AP(8)


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 dp(8),
                 _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br  _\bt_\bh_\be  _\bF_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt  _\bo_\bf  _\bA_\bR_\bP_\bA  _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\be_\bt  _\bT_\be_\bx_\bt  _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be_\bs  (aka
                 RFC-822)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-format' defaults as described above
                 `-normalize'
                 `-width' defaults to the width of the terminal


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-format' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle token by the shell that invokes _\ba_\bp.  Therefore, one must usual-
                 ly place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.

                 On hosts where _\bM_\bH was configured  with  the  BERK  option,  address
                 parsing is not enabled.






























            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            CONFLICT(8)                      -142-                       CONFLICT(8)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 conflict - search for alias/password conflicts

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/conflict [-mail name] [-search directory]
                      [aliasfiles...] [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bf_\bl_\bi_\bc_\bt is a program that checks to see if the  interface  between
                 _\bM_\bH and transport system is in good shape

                 _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bf_\bl_\bi_\bc_\bt also checks for maildrops in /usr/spool/mail which do  not
                 belong  to  a  valid user.  It assumes that no user name will start
                 with `.', and thus ignores files  in  /usr/spool/mail  which  begin
                 with  `.'.   It also checks for entries in the _\bg_\br_\bo_\bu_\bp (5) file which
                 do not belong to a valid user, and for users  who  do  not  have  a
                 valid  group  number.   In  addition duplicate users and groups are
                 noted.

                 If the `-mail name' switch is used, then the results will  be  sent
                 to  the  specified  _\bn_\ba_\bm_\be.   Otherwise,  the results are sent to the
                 standard output.

                 The `-search directory' switch can be used  to  search  directories
                 other  than /usr/spool/mail and to report anomalies in those direc-
                 tories.  The `-search directory' switch can appear  more  than  one
                 time in an invocation to _\bc_\bo_\bn_\bf_\bl_\bi_\bc_\bt.

                 _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bf_\bl_\bi_\bc_\bt should be run under  _\bc_\br_\bo_\bn (8), or whenever system account-
                 ing takes place.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file
                 /etc/passwd                         List of users
                 /etc/group                          List of groups
                 /usr/local/mhmail                   Program to send mail
                 /usr/spool/mail/                    Directory of mail drop


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh-alias(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `aliasfiles' defaults to /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases



            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            CONFLICT(8)                      -143-                       CONFLICT(8)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None



















































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            DP(8)                            -144-                             DP(8)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 dp - parse dates 822-style

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/dp [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-width columns] dates ...  [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bD_\bp is a program that parses dates according to  the  ARPA  Internet
                 standard.   It  also understands many non-standard formats, such as
                 those  produced  by  TOPS-20  sites  and  some  UNIX  sites   using
                 _\bc_\bt_\bi_\bm_\be (3).  It is useful for seeing how _\bM_\bH will interpret a date.

                 The _\bd_\bp program treats each argument as a single  date,  and  prints
                 the date out in the official 822-format.  Hence, it is usually best
                 to enclose each argument in double-quotes for the shell.

                 To override the output format used by _\bd_\bp, the  `-format string'  or
                 `-format file'  switches  are used.  This permits individual fields
                 of the address to be extracted with ease.  The string is  simply  a
                 format   stringand   thefile   is   simply   a  format  file.   See
                 _\bm_\bh-_\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt (5) for the details.

                 Here is the default format string used by _\bd_\bp:

                      %<(nodate{text})error: %{text}%|%(putstr(pretty{text}))%>

                 which says that if an error was detected, print the error,  a  `:',
                 and  the date in error.  Otherwise, output the 822-proper format of
                 the date.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 None


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 ap(8)
                 _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br  _\bt_\bh_\be  _\bF_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt  _\bo_\bf  _\bA_\bR_\bP_\bA  _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\be_\bt  _\bT_\be_\bx_\bt  _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be_\bs  (aka
                 RFC-822)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-format' default as described above
                 `-width' default to the width of the terminal




            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            DP(8)                            -145-                             DP(8)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The argument to the `-format' switch must be interpreted as a  sin-
                 gle token by the shell that invokes _\bd_\bp.  Therefore, one must usual-
                 ly place the argument to this switch inside double-quotes.













































            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            FMTDUMP(8)                       -146-                        FMTDUMP(8)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 fmtdump - decode MH format files

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/fmtdump [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bF_\bm_\bt_\bd_\bu_\bm_\bp is a program that parses an _\bM_\bH format file and  produces  a
                 pseudo-language listing of the how _\bM_\bH interprets the file.

                 The `-format string' and `-form formatfile' switches may be used to
                 specify a format string or format file to read.  The string is sim-
                 ply a format string and the file is simply a format file.  See  _\bm_\bh-
                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt(5) for the details.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/scan.default      The default format file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To determine the user's MH directory


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 mh-format(5), mh-sequences(8)


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 The output may not be useful  unless  you  are  familiar  with  the
                 internals of the mh-format subroutines.
















            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            INSTALL-MH(8)                    -147-                     INSTALL-MH(8)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 install-mh - initialize the MH environment

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/install-mh [-auto] [-compat]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 When a user runs any _\bM_\bH program for the  first  time,  the  program
                 will  invoke _\bi_\bn_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bl_\bl-_\bm_\bh (with the `-auto' switch) to query the user
                 for the initial _\bM_\bH environment.  The user does NOT invoke this pro-
                 gram  directly.   The  user  is asked for the name of the directory
                 that will be designated as the user's _\bM_\bH directory.  If this direc-
                 tory  does  not  exist,  the user is asked if it should be created.
                 Normally, this directory should be under the user's home directory,
                 and  has  the  default name of Mail/.  After _\bi_\bn_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bl_\bl-_\bm_\bh has written
                 the initial .mh_profile for the user, control returns to the origi-
                 nal _\bM_\bH program.

                 As with all  _\bM_\bH  commands,  _\bi_\bn_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bl_\bl-_\bm_\bh  first  consults  the  $HOME
                 envariable to determine the user's home directory.  If $HOME is not
                 set, then the /_\be_\bt_\bc/_\bp_\ba_\bs_\bs_\bw_\bd file is consulted.

                 When converting from _\bm_\bh._\b3  to  _\bm_\bh._\b4,  _\bi_\bn_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bl_\bl-_\bm_\bh  is  automatically
                 invoked with the `-compat' switch.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 $HOME/.mh_profile                   The user profile


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 Path:                To set the user's MH directory


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 With `-auto', the current folder is changed to "inbox".

















            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            POST(8)                          -148-                           POST(8)


            _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE
                 post - deliver a message

            _\bS_\bY_\bN_\bO_\bP_\bS_\bI_\bS
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/post [-alias aliasfile] [-filter filterfile]
                      [-nofilter] [-format] [-noformat] [-msgid] [-nomsgid]
                      [-verbose] [-noverbose] [-watch] [-nowatch] [-width columns]
                      file [-help]

            _\bD_\bE_\bS_\bC_\bR_\bI_\bP_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN

                 _\bP_\bo_\bs_\bt is the program called by _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd (1) to deliver  the  message  in
                 _\bf_\bi_\bl_\be  to  local  and  remote  users.  In fact, all of the functions
                 attributed to _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd on its manual page are performed by  _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt,  with
                 _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  acting as a relatively simple preprocessor.  Thus, it is _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt
                 which parses the various header fields,  appends  From:  and  Date:
                 lines, and interacts with the _\bS_\be_\bn_\bd_\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl transport system.  _\bP_\bo_\bs_\bt will
                 not normally be called directly by the user.

                 _\bP_\bo_\bs_\bt searches the "To:", "cc:", "Bcc:", "Fcc:",  and  "Resent-xxx:"
                 header  lines  of  the specified message for destination addresses,
                 checks these addresses for validity, and formats them so as to con-
                 form  to  ARPAnet  Internet  Message  Format  protocol,  unless the
                 `-noformat' flag is set.  This will normally cause "@_\bl_\bo_\bc_\ba_\bl-_\bs_\bi_\bt_\be" to
                 be appended to each local destination address, as well as any local
                 return addresses. The `-width columns' switch can be used to  indi-
                 cate  the  preferred  length  of the header components that contain
                 addresses.

                 If a "Bcc:" field is encountered, its addresses will  be  used  for
                 delivery,  and  the  "Bcc:"  field will be removed from the message
                 sent to sighted recipients.  The blind recipients will  receive  an
                 entirely  new  message  with a minimal set of headers.  Included in
                 the body of the message will be a copy of the message sent  to  the
                 sighted  recipients.   If  `-filter filterfile'  is specified, then
                 this copy is filtered (re-formatted) prior to  being  sent  to  the
                 blind recipients.

                 The `-alias aliasfile' switch can be used to specify  a  file  that
                 post  should  take  aliases from.  More than one file can be speci-
                 fied, each being preceded with `-alias'.  In any event, the primary
                 alias file is read first.

                 The   `-msgid'   switch   indicates   that   a   "Message-ID:"   or
                 "Resent-Message-ID:" field should be added to the header.

                 The `-verbose' switch indicates that the user should be informed of
                 each step of the posting/filing process.

                 The `-watch' switch indicates that the user would like to watch the
                 transport  system's handling of the message (e.g., local and "fast"
                 delivery).

            [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version









            POST(8)                          -149-                           POST(8)


                 _\bP_\bo_\bs_\bt consults the envariable $SIGNATURE to determine  the  sender's
                 personal name in constructing the "From:" line of the message.

            _\bF_\bi_\bl_\be_\bs
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mtstailor         tailor file
                 /usr/local/refile                   Program to process Fcc:s
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl               Program to process Bcc:s
                 /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases       Primary alias file


            _\bP_\br_\bo_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bo_\bn_\be_\bn_\bt_\bs
                 _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt does NOT consult the user's .mh_profile


            _\bS_\be_\be _\bA_\bl_\bs_\bo
                 _\bS_\bt_\ba_\bn_\bd_\ba_\br_\bd _\bf_\bo_\br  _\bt_\bh_\be  _\bF_\bo_\br_\bm_\ba_\bt  _\bo_\bf  _\bA_\bR_\bP_\bA  _\bI_\bn_\bt_\be_\br_\bn_\be_\bt  _\bT_\be_\bx_\bt  _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be_\bs  (aka
                 RFC-822),
                 mhmail(1), send(1), mh-mail(5), mh-alias(5)


            _\bD_\be_\bf_\ba_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bs
                 `-alias /usr/local/lib/mh/MailAliases'
                 `-format'
                 `-nomsgid'
                 `-noverbose'
                 `-nowatch'
                 `-width 72'
                 `-nofilter'


            _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bt_\be_\bx_\bt
                 None


            _\bB_\bu_\bg_\bs
                 "Reply-To:" fields are allowed to have groups in them according  to
                 the 822 specification, but _\bp_\bo_\bs_\bt won't let you use them.
















                 [mh.6]                           MH.6.8                      UCI version












                                          _\b5. _\bR_\bE_\bP_\bO_\bR_\bT_\bI_\bN_\bG _\bP_\bR_\bO_\bB_\bL_\bE_\bM_\bS





                      If problems are encountered with an _\bM_\bH program, the problems should
                 be  reported  to the local maintainers of _\bM_\bH.  When doing this, the name
                 of the program should be reported, along with  the  version  information
                 for  the  program.   To  find out what version of an _\bM_\bH program is being
                 run, invoke the program with the `-help' switch.  In addition to listing
                 the  syntax of the command, the program will list information pertaining
                 to its version.  This information includes the version of _\bM_\bH,  the  host
                 it was generated on, and the date the program was loaded.  A second line
                 of information, found on versions of _\bM_\bH after #5.380 include  _\bM_\bH  confi-
                 guration options.  For example,

                      version: MH 6.1 #1[UCI] (nrtc-gremlin) of Wed Nov  6  01:13:53  PST
                      1985
                      options: [BSD42] [MHE] [NETWORK] [SENDMTS] [MMDFII] [SMTP] [POP]

                 The `6.1 #1[UCI]' indicates that the program is from the UCI  _\bm_\bh._\b6  ver-
                 sion  of  _\bM_\bH.   The  program was generated on the host `nrtc-gremlin' on
                 `Wed Nov  6 01:13:53 PST 1985'.  It's usually a good idea  to  send  the
                 output of the `-help' switch along with your report.

                 If there is no local _\bM_\bH maintainer, try the  address  Bug-MH.   If  that
                 fails, use the Internet mailbox Bug-MH@ICS.UCI.EDU.

























                                                  -150-












                                           _\b6. _\bA_\bD_\bV_\bA_\bN_\bC_\bE_\bD _\bF_\bE_\bA_\bT_\bU_\bR_\bE_\bS





                      This section describes some  features  of  _\bM_\bH  that  were  included
                 strictly for advanced _\bM_\bH users.  These capabilities permit _\bM_\bH to exhibit
                 more powerful behavior for the seasoned _\bM_\bH users.


                 _\bU_\bS_\bE_\bR-_\bD_\bE_\bF_\bI_\bN_\bE_\bD _\bS_\bE_\bQ_\bU_\bE_\bN_\bC_\bE_\bS

                      User-defined sequences allow the _\bM_\bH user  a  tremendous  amount  of
                 power  in dealing with groups of messages in the same folder by allowing
                 the user to bind a group of messages to a meaningful symbolic name.  The
                 user  may choose any name for a message sequence, as long as it consists
                 of alphanumeric characters and does not conflict with  the  standard  _\bM_\bH
                 reserved message names (e.g., "first", etc).  After defining a sequence,
                 it can be used wherever an _\bM_\bH command expects a `msg'  or  `msgs'  argu-
                 ment.

                      A restricted form of message ranges are allowed  with  user-defined
                 sequences.  The  form  "name:n",  specifies up to the first `n' messages
                 which are part of the user-defined sequence `name'.  A leading plus sign
                 is  allowed on `n', but is ignored.  The interpretation of n is overrid-
                 den if n is preceded by a minus sign; `-n' always means up to  the  last
                 `n' messages which are part of the sequence `name'.

                      Although all _\bM_\bH commands expand user-defined sequences as appropri-
                 ate, there are two commands that allow the user to define and manipulate
                 them: _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk.

                 _\bP_\bi_\bc_\bk _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bs_\be_\br-_\bD_\be_\bf_\bi_\bn_\be_\bd _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs

                      Most users of _\bM_\bH will use user-defined sequences only with the _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk
                 command.  By giving the `-sequence name' switch to _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk (which can occur
                 more than once on the command line), each sequence named is  defined  as
                 those  messages  which _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk matched according the the selection criteria
                 it was given.  Hence,

                      pick -from frated -seq fred

                 finds all those messages in the current folder which were from "frated",
                 creates  a  sequence  called "fred", and then adds them to the sequence.
                 The user could then invoke

                      scan fred

                 to get a _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn listing of those messages.  Note  that  by  default,  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk
                 creates  the named sequences before it adds the selected messages to the
                 sequence.  Hence, if the named sequence already existed, the sequence is

                                                  -151-









                                                  -152-


                 destroyed  prior  to  being  re-defined (nothing happens to the messages
                 that were a part of this sequence, they simply cease to  be  members  of
                 that  sequence).   By  using  the `-nozero' switch, this behavior can be
                 inhibited, as in

                      pick -from frated -seq sgroup
                      pick -from fear -seq sgroup -nozero
                      pick -from freida -seq sgroup -nozero

                 finds all those messages in the current folder which were from "frated",
                 "fear", or "freida", and defines the sequence called "sgroup" as exactly
                 those messages.  These operations amounted to an "inclusive-or" of three
                 selection  criteria, using _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk, one can also generate the "and" of some
                 selection criteria as well:

                      pick -from frated -seq fred
                      pick -before friday -seq fred fred

                 This example defines the sequence called "fred" as  exactly  those  mes-
                 sages from "frated" that were dated prior to "friday".[1]

                      _\bP_\bi_\bc_\bk is normally used as a back-quoted command, for example,

                      scan `pick -from postmaster`

                 Now suppose that the user decides that another command should be issued,
                 using   exactly   those   messages.    Since,   _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk   wasn't   given  a
                 `-sequence name' argument in this example, the user would end-up  typing
                 the entire back-quoted command again.  A simpler way is to add a default
                 sequence name to the .mh_profile.  For example,

                      pick: -seq select -list

                 will tell _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk to always define the sequence "select" whenever it's run.
                 The  `-list'  is necessary since the `-sequence name' switch sets `-nol-
                 ist' whenever the former is  encountered.   Hence,  this  profile  entry
                 makes  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk define the "select" sequence and otherwise behave exactly as


                    [1]  Of  course, it is much easier to simply use the built-in boolean
                 operation of _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk to get the desired results:

                      pick -from frated -or -from fear -or -from freida -seq sgroup

                 and

                      pick -from frated -and -before friday -seq fred

                 do exactly the same thing as the five commands listed above.  Hence, the
                 `-nozero'  option  to  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  is  only  useful to manipulate existing se-
                 quences.












                                                  -153-


                 if there was no profile entry at all.

                 _\bM_\ba_\br_\bk _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bU_\bs_\be_\br-_\bD_\be_\bf_\bi_\bn_\be_\bd _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs

                      The _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk command lets the user perform  low-level  manipulation  of
                 sequences,  and  also  provides  a  well-needed  debug  facility  to the
                 implementors/developers/maintainers  of  _\bM_\bH  (the  _\bM_\bH-hacks).   In   the
                 future,  a user-friendly "front-end" for _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk will probably be developed
                 to give the _\bM_\bH user a way to take better  advantage  of  the  underlying
                 facilities.

                 _\bP_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bP_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be _\bU_\bs_\be_\br-_\bD_\be_\bf_\bi_\bn_\be_\bd _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be_\bs

                      There are two kinds of sequences:  _\bp_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc  sequences,  and  _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be
                 sequences.   _\bP_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc  sequences of a folder are accessible to any _\bM_\bH user
                 that can read that folder and are kept in the .mh_sequences file in  the
                 folder.   _\bP_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be  sequences  are  accessible  only  to the _\bM_\bH user that
                 defined those sequences and are kept in the user's _\bM_\bH context file.   By
                 default,  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  (and  _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk )  create  _\bp_\bu_\bb_\bl_\bi_\bc sequences if the folder for
                 which the sequences are being defined is writable by the _\bM_\bH user.   Oth-
                 erwise,  _\bp_\br_\bi_\bv_\ba_\bt_\be sequences are created.  This can be overridden with the
                 `-public' and `-nopublic' switches.

                 _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bN_\be_\bg_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn

                      In addition to telling an _\bM_\bH command to use  the  messages  in  the
                 sequence "seen", as in

                      refile seen +old

                 it would be useful to be easily able to tell an _\bM_\bH command  to  use  all
                 messages  _\be_\bx_\bc_\be_\bp_\bt  those in the sequence.  One way of doing this would be
                 to use _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk and define the sequence explicitly, as in

                      mark -delete -zero seen -seq notseen

                 which, owing to _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk 's cryptic interpretation of `-delete' and `-zero',
                 defines  the  sequence  "notseen" to be all messages not in the sequence
                 "seen".  Naturally, anytime the sequence "seen"  is  changed,  "notseen"
                 will  have  to be updated.  Another way to achieve this is to define the
                 entry "Sequence-Negation:" in the .mh_profile.  If the entry was

                      Sequence-Negation: not

                 then anytime an _\bM_\bH command was given "notseen"  as  a  `msg'  or  `msgs'
                 argument,  it would substitute all messages that are not a member of the
                 sequence "seen".  That is,

                      refile notseen +new

                 does just that.  The value of the "Sequence-Negation:" entry in the pro-
                 file  can  be  any  string.  Hence, experienced users of _\bM_\bH do not use a











                                                  -154-


                 word, but rather a special character which their shell does  not  inter-
                 pret  (users  of  the  _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl  use a single caret or circumflex (usually
                 shift-6), while users of the  Bourne  shell  use  an  exclamation-mark).
                 This is because there is nothing to prevent a user of _\bM_\bH from defining a
                 sequence with this string as its prefix, if the  string  is  nothing  by
                 letters and digits.  Obviously, this could lead to confusing behavior if
                 the "Sequence-Negation:" entry leads _\bM_\bH to believe  that  two  sequences
                 are opposites by virtue of their names differing by the prefix string.

                 _\bT_\bh_\be _\bP_\br_\be_\bv_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be

                      Many times users find themselves issuing a series  of  commands  on
                 the  same  sequences  of messages.  If the user first defined these mes-
                 sages as a sequence, then considerable typing may be saved.  If the user
                 doesn't  have  this  foresight,  _\bM_\bH  provides  a  handy way of having _\bM_\bH
                 remember the `msgs' or `msg' argument last given to an _\bM_\bH  command.   If
                 the  entry "Previous-Sequence:" is defined in the .mh_profile, then when
                 the command finishes, it will define the sequence(s) named in the  value
                 of  this  entry  as  being  exactly  those messages that were specified.
                 Hence, a profile entry of

                      Previous-Sequence: pseq

                 directs any _\bM_\bH command that accepts a `msg' or `msgs' argument to define
                 the  sequence  "pseq" as those messages when it finishes.  More than one
                 sequence name may be placed in this entry, separated with  spaces.   The
                 one  disadvantage of this approach is that the _\bM_\bH progams have to update
                 the sequence information for the folder each  time  they  run  (although
                 most  programs read this information, usually only _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk and _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk have to
                 write this information out).

                 _\bT_\bh_\be _\bU_\bn_\bs_\be_\be_\bn _\bS_\be_\bq_\bu_\be_\bn_\bc_\be

                      Finally, some users like to distinguish between messages which have
                 been  previously seen by them.  Both _\bi_\bn_\bc and _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw honorthe profile entry
                 "Unseen-Sequence" to support this activity.   Whenever  _\bi_\bn_\bc  places  new
                 messages  in  a folder, if the entry "Unseen-Sequence" is defined in the
                 .mh_profile, then when the command finishes, _\bi_\bn_\bc will add the  new  mes-
                 sages  to  the  sequence(s)  named in the value of this entry.  Hence, a
                 profile entry of

                      Unseen-Sequence:  unseen

                 directs _\bi_\bn_\bc to add new messages to the sequence  "unseen".   Unlike  the
                 behavior  of  the  "Previous-Sequence" entry in the profile however, the
                 sequence(s) will not be zero'd.

                      Similarly, whenever _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw (or _\bn_\be_\bx_\bt or  _\bp_\br_\be_\bv )  displays  a  message,
                 they   remove   those   messages   from   any  sequences  named  by  the
                 "Unseen-Sequence" entry in the profile.













                                                  -155-


                 _\bC_\bO_\bM_\bP_\bO_\bS_\bI_\bT_\bI_\bO_\bN _\bO_\bF _\bM_\bA_\bI_\bL

                      There are a number of interesting advanced facilities for the  com-
                 position of outgoing mail.


                 _\bT_\bh_\be _\bD_\br_\ba_\bf_\bt _\bF_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br

                      The  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt,  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,  and  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl  commands  have  two  switches,
                 `-draftfolder +folder'        and        `-draftmessage msg'.         If
                 `-draftfolder +folder' is used, these commands are directed to construct
                 a  draft  message in the indicated folder.  (The "Draft-Folder:" profile
                 entry may be used to declare a default draft folder for use  with  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,
                 _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl) If `-draftmessage msg' is not used, it defaults to
                 `new' (unless the user invokes _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp  with  `-use',  in  which  case  the
                 default  is  `cur').   Hence, the user may have several message composi-
                 tions in progress simultaneously.  Now, all of the _\bM_\bH tools  are  avail-
                 able  on  each of the user's message drafts (e.g., _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw, _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn, _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk, and
                 so on).  If the folder does not exist, the user is asked if it should be
                 created (just like with _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be ).  Also, the last draft message the user
                 was composing is known as `cur' in the draft folder.

                      Furthermore, the _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd command has these switches as  well.   Hence,
                 from  the shell, the user can send off whatever drafts desired using the
                 standard _\bM_\bH `msgs' convention with `-draftmessage msgs'.  If  no  `msgs'
                 are given, it defaults to `cur'.

                      In addition, all five  programs  have  a  `-nodraftfolder'  switch,
                 which undoes the last occurrence of `-draftfolder folder' (useful if the
                 latter occurs in the user's _\bM_\bH profile).

                      If the user does not give the `-draftfolder +folder'  switch,  then
                 all  these  commands act ``normally''.  Note that the `-draft' switch to
                 _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd and _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw still refers to the file called `draft' in the  user's  _\bM_\bH
                 directory.   In  the interests of economy of expression, when using _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp
                 or _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd, the user needn't prefix the draft `msg' or `msgs' with `-draft-
                 message'.   Both  of these commands accept a `file' or `files' argument,
                 and they will, if given `-draftfolder +folder' treat these arguments  as
                 `msg' or `msgs'.[2] Hence,

                      send -draftf +drafts first

                 is the same as

                      send -draftf +drafts -draftm first




                    [2]  This may appear to be inconsistent, at first, but it saves a lot
                 of typing.












                                                  -156-


                      To make all this a bit more clear, here are some  examples.   Let's
                 assume that the following entries are in the _\bM_\bH profile:

                      Draft-Folder: +drafts
                      sendf: -draftfolder +drafts

                 Furthermore, let's assume that the program _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd_\bf is a (symbolic) link in
                 the user's $HOME/bin/ directory to _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd.  Then, any of the commands

                      comp
                      dist
                      forw
                      repl

                 constructs the message draft in the `draft' folder using the `new'  mes-
                 sage  number.   Furthermore, they each define `cur' in this folder to be
                 that message draft.  If the user were to use the _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bt  option  at  `What
                 now?'  level, then later on, if no other draft composition was done, the
                 draft could be sent with simply

                      sendf

                 Or, if more editing was required, the draft could be edited with

                      comp -use

                 Instead, if other drafts had been composed in the meantime, so that this
                 message  draft  was no longer known as `cur' in the `draft' folder, then
                 the user could _\bs_\bc_\ba_\bn the folder to see which message draft in the  folder
                 should be used for editing or sending.  Clever users could even employ a
                 back-quoted _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk to do the work:

                      comp -use `pick +drafts -to bug-mh`

                 or

                      sendf `pick +drafts -to bug-mh`

                 Note that in the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp example, the output from _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk must  resolve  to  a
                 single  message  draft (it makes no sense to talk about composing two or
                 more drafts with one invocation of _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp ).  In  contrast,  in  the  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd
                 example,  as  many  message  drafts  as  desired  can appear, since _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd
                 doesn't mind sending more than one draft at a time.

                      Note that the argument `-draftfolder +folder' is  not  included  in
                 the  profile  entry  for  _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd,  since  when  _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, et. al., invoke _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd
                 directly, they supply _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd with the UNIX pathname of the message  draft,
                 and  not  a `draftmessage msg' argument.  As far as _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd is concerned, a
                 _\bd_\br_\ba_\bf_\bt _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br is not being used.

                      It is important to realize that _\bM_\bH treats the draft folder  like  a
                 standard  _\bM_\bH  folder  in nearly all respects.  There are two exceptions:











                                                  -157-


                 first\b\b\b\b\b_____, under no circumstancs will the `-draftfolder folder' switch cause
                 the named folder to become the current folder.[3] Second\b\b\b\b\b\b______, although  con-
                 ceptually _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd deletes the `msgs' named in the draft folder, it does not
                 call `delete-prog' to perform the deletion.


                 _\bW_\bh_\ba_\bt _\bH_\ba_\bp_\bp_\be_\bn_\bs _\bi_\bf _\bt_\bh_\be _\bD_\br_\ba_\bf_\bt _\bE_\bx_\bi_\bs_\bt_\bs

                      When the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl commands are  invoked  and  the
                 draft  you indicated already exists, these programs will prompt the user
                 for a reponse directing the program's action.  The prompt is

                      Draft ``/usr/src/uci/mh/mhbox/draft'' exists (xx bytes).
                      Disposition?

                 The appropriate responses and their meanings are: replace\b\b\b\b\b\b\b_______:  deletes  the
                 draft  and starts afresh; list\b\b\b\b____: lists the draft; refile\b\b\b\b\b\b______: files the draft
                 into a folder and starts afresh; and, quit\b\b\b\b____: leaves the draft intact  and
                 exits.   In addition, if you specified `-draftfolder folder' to the com-
                 mand, then one other response will be accepted: new\b\b\b___: finds a new  draft,
                 just  as  if `-draftmessage new' had been given.  Finally, the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp com-
                 mand will accept one more response: use\b\b\b___: re-uses the draft, just  as  if
                 `-use' had been given.


                 _\bT_\bh_\be _\bP_\bu_\bs_\bh _\bO_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn _\ba_\bt _\bW_\bh_\ba_\bt _\bn_\bo_\bw? _\bL_\be_\bv_\be_\bl

                      The _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh option to the "What now?" query in the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp,  _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt,  _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw,
                 and  _\br_\be_\bp_\bl  commands,  directs the command to _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd the draft in a special
                 detached fashion, with all normal output discarded.  If _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh is used and
                 the  draft  can not be sent, then _\bM_\bH will send the user a message, indi-
                 cating the name of the draft file, and an explanation of the failure.

                      The user can also invoke _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd  from  the  shell  with  the  `-push'
                 switch, which makes _\bs_\be_\bn_\bd act like it had been _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh 'd by one of the com-
                 position commands.

                      By using _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh, the user can free the  shell  to  do  other  things,
                 because  it appears to the shell that the _\bM_\bH command has finished.  As a
                 result the shell will immediately prompt for  another  command,  despite
                 the  fact  that  the  command is really still running.  Note that if the
                 user indicates that annotations are to be performed (with `-annotate' to


                    [3]  Obviously,  if  the folder appeared in the context of a standard
                 `+folder' argument to an _\bM_\bH program, as in

                      scan +drafts

                 it might become the current folder, depending on the context changes  of
                 the _\bM_\bH program in question.












                                                  -158-


                 _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, or _\br_\be_\bp_\bl), the annotations will be performed after  the  mes-
                 sage has been successfully sent.  This action will appear to occur asyn-
                 chronously.  Obviously, if one of the messages that is to  be  annotated
                 is  removed  before  the  draft has been successfully sent, then when _\bM_\bH
                 tries to make the annotations, it won't be able to do so.   In  previous
                 versions of _\bM_\bH, this resulted in an error message mysteriously appearing
                 on the user's terminal.  In _\bm_\bh._\b5 and later  versions,  in  this  special
                 circumstance, no error will be generated.

                      If send is _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh 'd, then the `-forward' switch  is  examined  if  a
                 failure notice is generated.  If given, then the draft is forwarded with
                 the failure notice sent to the user.  This allows  rapid  _\bb_\bu_\br_\bs_\bt 'ing  of
                 the failure notice to retrieve the unsent draft.


                 _\bO_\bp_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs _\ba_\bt _\bW_\bh_\ba_\bt _\bn_\bo_\bw? _\bL_\be_\bv_\be_\bl

                      By default, the message composition programs call a program  called
                 _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\bn_\bo_\bw  before  the initial draft composition.  The _\bM_\bH user can specify
                 any program for this.  Following is some information about  the  default
                 "What  now?" level.  More detailed information can be found in the _\bw_\bh_\ba_\bt_\b-
                 _\bn_\bo_\bw (1) manual entry.

                      When using the _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl commands at  "What  now?"
                 level,  the _\be_\bd_\bi_\bt, _\bl_\bi_\bs_\bt, _\bh_\be_\ba_\bd_\be_\br_\bs, _\br_\be_\bf_\bi_\bl_\be, and (for the _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bt and _\br_\be_\bp_\bl com-
                 mands) the _\bd_\bi_\bs_\bp_\bl_\ba_\by options will pass on any additional  arguments  given
                 them to whatever program they invoke.

                      In _\bm_\bh._\b1 (the original RAND _\bM_\bH ) and _\bm_\bh._\b2 (the first UCI version  of
                 _\bM_\bH ),  _\bM_\bH  used a complicated heuristic to determine if the draft should
                 be deleted or preserved after an unsuccessful edit.   In  _\bm_\bh._\b3,  _\bM_\bH  was
                 changed to preserve the draft always, since _\bc_\bo_\bm_\bp, et. al., could usually
                 look at a draft, apply another set of heuristics, and decide if  it  was
                 important  or  not.   With the notion of a _\bd_\br_\ba_\bf_\bt _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br, in which one by
                 default gets a `new' message draft, the edit deletion/preservation algo-
                 rithm  was re-implemented, to keep the draft folder from being cluttered
                 with aborted edits.

                      Also, note that by default, if the  draft  cannot  be  successfully
                 sent,  these  commands  return  to "What now?" level.  But, when _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh is
                 used, this does not happen (obviously).  Hence, if these  commands  were
                 expected  to  annotate  any messages, this will have to be done by hand,
                 later on, with the _\ba_\bn_\bn_\bo command.

                      Finally, if the `-delete' switch is not given to the  _\bq_\bu_\bi_\bt  option,
                 then these commands will inform the user of the name of the unsent draft
                 file.


                 _\bD_\bi_\bg_\be_\bs_\bt_\bs













                                                  -159-


                      The _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw command has the beginnings  of  a  digestifying  facility,
                 with the `-digest list', `-issue number', and `-volume number' switches.

                 If _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw is given "list" to the `-digest' switch as the name of the  dis-
                 cussion  group,  and  the `-issue number' switch is not given, then _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw
                 looks for an entry in the user's _\bM_\bH context  called  "_\bd_\bi_\bg_\be_\bs_\bt-issue-list"
                 and  increments its value to use as the issue number.  Similarly, if the
                 `-volume number'  switch   is   not   given,   then   _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw   looks   for
                 "_\bd_\bi_\bg_\be_\bs_\bt-volume-list"  (but  does  not increment its value) to use as the
                 volume number.

                 Having calculated the name of  the  digest  and  the  volume  and  issue
                 numbers, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw will now process the components file using the same format
                 string mechanism used by _\br_\be_\bp_\bl.  The current `%'-escapes are:

                 _\be_\bs_\bc_\ba_\bp_\be  _\bt_\by_\bp_\be     _\bs_\bu_\bb_\bs_\bt_\bi_\bt_\bu_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn
                 digest  string   digest name
                 msg     integer  issue number
                 cur     integer  volume number

                 In addition, to capture the current date, any of the escapes  valid  for
                 _\bd_\bp (8) are also valid for _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw.

                 The default components file used by _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw when in digest mode is:

                      From:     %{digest}-Request
                      To:       %{digest} Distribution: dist-%{digest};
                      Subject:  %{digest} Digest V%(cur) #%(msg)
                      Reply-To: %{digest}
                      --------
                      %{digest} Digest        %(weekday{date}), %2(mday{date}) %(month{date}) 19%02(year{date})
                                      Volume %(cur) : Issue %(msg)

                      Today's Topics:

                 Hence, when the `-digest' switch is present, the  first  step  taken  by
                 _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw  is  to  expand the format strings in the component file.  The next
                 step is to compose the draft using  the  standard  digest  encapsulation
                 algorithm  (even  putting an "End of list Digest" trailer in the draft).
                 Once the draft is composed by _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw, _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw writes out the volume and issue
                 profile entries for the digest, and then invokes the editor.

                 Naturally,   when   composing   the   draft,   _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw   will   honor   the
                 `-filter filterfile'  switch,  which is given to _\bm_\bh_\bl to filter each mes-
                 sage being forwarded prior to encapsulation in the draft.  A good filter
                 file to use, which is called _\bm_\bh_\bl._\bd_\bi_\bg_\be_\bs_\bt, is:

















                                                  -160-


                      width=80,overflowoffset=10
                      leftadjust,compress,compwidth=9
                      Date:formatfield="%<(nodate{text})%{text}%|%(tws{text})%>"
                      From:
                      Subject:
                      :
                      body:nocomponent,overflowoffset=0,noleftadjust,nocompress



                 _\bF_\bO_\bL_\bD_\bE_\bR _\bH_\bA_\bN_\bD_\bL_\bI_\bN_\bG

                      There are two  interesting  facilities  for  manipulating  folders:
                 relative folder addressing, which allows a user to shorten the typing of
                 long folder names; and the folder-stack, which permits a user to keep  a
                 stack of current folders.


                 _\bR_\be_\bl_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bv_\be _\bF_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br _\bA_\bd_\bd_\br_\be_\bs_\bs_\bi_\bn_\bg

                      By default, when `+folder' is given, and the  folder  name  is  not
                 absolute  (does not start with /, ./, or ../), then the UNIX pathname of
                 the folder is interpreted relative to the user's _\bM_\bH directory.  Although
                 this  mechanism  works  fine  for  top-level folders and their immediate
                 sub-folders, once the depth of the sub-folder  tree  grows,  it  becomes
                 rather unwieldly:

                      scan +mh/mh.4/draft/flames

                 is a lot of typing.  _\bM_\bH can't do anything  if  the  current  folder  was
                 "+inbox", but if the current folder was, say, "+mh/mh.4/draft", _\bM_\bH has a
                 short-hand notation to reference a sub-folder  of  the  current  folder.
                 Using  the  `@folder'  notation,  the  _\bM_\bH user can direct any _\bM_\bH program
                 which expects a `+folder' argument to look for the  folder  relative  to
                 the  current  folder  instead of the user's _\bM_\bH directory.  Hence, if the
                 current folder _\bw_\ba_\bs "+mh/mh.4/draft", then

                      scan @flames

                 would do the trick handily.  In addition,  if  the  current  folder  _\bw_\ba_\bs
                 "+mh/mh.4/draft",

                      scan @../pick

                 would scan the folder "+mh/mh.4/pick", since, in the  UNIX  fashion,  it
                 references the folder "pick" which is a sub-folder of the folder that is
                 the parent of the current folder.  Since most advanced _\bM_\bH users seem  to
                 exhibit a large degree of locality in referencing folders when they pro-
                 cess mail, this convention should receive a wide range of uses.














                                                  -161-


                 _\bT_\bh_\be _\bF_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bS_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk

                      The _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk mechanism in _\bM_\bH gives the _\bM_\bH user a facility simi-
                 lar to the _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl 's directory-stack.  Simply put,

                      folder -push +foo

                 makes "foo" the current folder, saving the folder  that  was  previously
                 the current folder on the _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk.  As expected,

                      folder -pop

                 takes the top of the _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk and makes it the current folder.  Each
                 of  these switches lists the _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk when they execute.  It is sim-
                 ple to write a _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bf command as a shell script.  It's one line:

                      exec folder -push $@

                 Probably a better way is to link  _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br  to  the  $HOME/bin/  directory
                 under the name of _\bp_\bu_\bs_\bh_\bf and then add the entry

                      pushf: -push

                 to the .mh_profile.

                      The manual page for _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br discusses the analogy between the _\bC_\bS_\bh_\be_\bl_\bl
                 directory stack commands and the switches in _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br which manipulate the
                 _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br-_\bs_\bt_\ba_\bc_\bk.  The _\bf_\bo_\bl_\bd_\be_\br command uses the context entry `Folder-Stack:'
                 to keep track of the folders in the user's stack of folders.





































                                                Appendix A
                                             _\bC_\bO_\bM_\bM_\bA_\bN_\bD _\bS_\bU_\bM_\bM_\bA_\bR_\bY




                 ali [-alias aliasfile] [-list] [-nolist] [-normalize]
                      [-nonormalize] [-user] [-nouser] aliases ...  [-help]

                 anno [+folder] [msgs] [-component field] [-inplace] [-noinplace]
                      [-date] [-nodate] [-text body] [-help]

                 bbc [bboards ...] [-topics] [-check] [-read] [-quiet] [-verbose]
                      [-archive] [-noarchive] [-protocol] [-noprotocol]
                      [-mshproc program] [switches for _\bm_\bs_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-rcfile rcfile]
                      [-norcfile] [-file BBoardsfile] [-user BBoardsuser] [-help]

                 burst [+folder] [msgs] [-inplace] [-noinplace] [-quiet] [-noquiet]
                      [-verbose] [-noverbose] [-help]

                 comp [+folder] [msg] [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg]
                      [-nodraftfolder] [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-file file]
                      [-form formfile] [-use] [-nouse] [-whatnowproc program]
                      [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

                 dist [+folder] [msg] [-annotate] [-noannotate]
                      [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-form formfile] [-inplace]
                      [-noinplace] [-whatnowproc program] [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/fmtdump [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-help]

                 folder [+folder] [msg] [-all] [-fast] [-nofast] [-header]
                      [-noheader] [-pack] [-nopack] [-recurse] [-norecurse] [-total]
                      [-nototal] [-print] [-noprint] [-list] [-nolist] [-push]
                      [-pop] [-help]

                 folders

                 forw [+folder] [msgs] [-annotate] [-noannotate]
                      [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-filter filterfile]
                      [-form formfile] [-format] [-noformat] [-inplace] [-noinplace]
                      [-whatnowproc program] [-nowhatnowproc] [-help]

                 forw [+folder] [msgs] [-digest list] [-issue number]
                      [-volume number] [other switches for _\bf_\bo_\br_\bw] [-help]





                                             -162-












                 inc [+folder] [-audit audit-file] [-noaudit] [-changecur]
                      [-nochangecur] [-file name] [-form formatfile]
                      [-format string] [-silent] [-nosilent] [-truncate]
                      [-notruncate] [-width columns] [-help]

                 mark [+folder] [msgs] [-sequence name ...] [-add] [-delete] [-list]
                      [-public] [-nopublic] [-zero] [-nozero] [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/mhl [-bell] [-nobell] [-clear] [-noclear]
                      [-folder +folder] [-form formfile] [-length lines]
                      [-width columns] [-moreproc program] [-nomoreproc] [files ...]
                      [-help]

                 mhmail [ addrs ... [-body text] [-cc addrs ...] [-from addr]
                      [-subject subject]] [-help]

                 mhparam [profile-components] [-components] [-nocomponents] [-all]
                      [-help]

                 mhpath [+folder] [msgs] [-help]

                 msgchk [-date] [-nodate] [-notify all/mail/nomail]
                      [-nonotify all/mail/nomail] [users ...] [-help]

                 msh [-prompt string] [-scan] [-noscan] [-topcur] [-notopcur] [file]
                      [-help]

                 next [+folder] [-header] [-noheader] [-showproc program]
                      [-noshowproc] [switches for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-help]

                 packf [+folder] [msgs] [-file name] [-help]

                 pick [+folder] [msgs] [-and ...] [-or ...] [-not ...]
                      [-lbrace ... -rbrace] [--component pattern] [-after date]
                      [-before date] [-datefield field] [-sequence name ...]
                      [-public] [-nopublic] [-zero] [-nozero] [-list] [-nolist]
                      [-help]


                 prev [+folder] [-header] [-noheader] [-showproc program]
                      [-noshowproc] [switches for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-help]

                 prompter [-erase chr] [-kill chr] [-prepend] [-noprepend] [-rapid]
                      [-norapid] [-doteof] [-nodoteof] file [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/rcvstore [+folder] [-create] [-nocreate]
                      [-sequence name ...] [-public] [-nopublic] [-zero] [-nozero]
                      [-help]





                                             -163-












                 refile [msgs] [-draft] [-link] [-nolink] [-preserve] [-nopreserve]
                      [-src +folder] [-file file] +folder ...  [-help]

                 repl [+folder] [msg] [-annotate] [-noannotate] [-cc all/to/cc/me]
                      [-nocc all/to/cc/me] [-draftfolder +folder]
                      [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder] [-editor editor]
                      [-noedit] [-fcc +folder] [-filter filterfile] [-form formfile]
                      [-inplace] [-noinplace] [-query] [-noquery]
                      [-whatnowproc program] [-nowhatnowproc] [-width columns]
                      [-help]

                 rmf [+folder] [-interactive] [-nointeractive] [-help]

                 rmm [+folder] [msgs] [-help]

                 scan [+folder] [msgs] [-clear] [-noclear] [-form formatfile]
                      [-format string] [-header] [-noheader] [-width columns]
                      [-reverse] [-noreverse] [-file filename] [-help]

                 send [-alias aliasfile] [-draft] [-draftfolder +folder]
                      [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder] [-filter filterfile]
                      [-nofilter] [-format] [-noformat] [-forward] [-noforward]
                      [-msgid] [-nomsgid] [-push] [-nopush] [-verbose] [-noverbose]
                      [-watch] [-nowatch] [-width columns] [file ...] [-help]

                 show [+folder] [msgs] [-draft] [-header] [-noheader]
                      [-showproc program] [-noshowproc] [switches for _\bs_\bh_\bo_\bw_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc]
                      [-help]

                 sortm [+folder] [msgs] [-datefield field] [-textfield field]
                      [-notextfield] [-limit days] [-nolimit] [-verbose]
                      [-noverbose] [-help]

                 vmh [-prompt string] [-vmhproc program] [-novmhproc]
                      [switches for _\bv_\bm_\bh_\bp_\br_\bo_\bc] [-help]

                 whatnow [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [-editor editor] [-noedit] [-prompt string] [file] [-help]

                 whom [-alias aliasfile] [-check] [-nocheck] [-draft]
                      [-draftfolder +folder] [-draftmessage msg] [-nodraftfolder]
                      [file] [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/ap [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-normalize] [-nonormalize] [-width columns] addrs ...
                      [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/conflict [-mail name] [-search directory]
                      [aliasfiles ...] [-help]




                                             -164-












                 /usr/local/lib/mh/dp [-form formatfile] [-format string]
                      [-width columns] dates ...  [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/install-mh [-auto] [-compat]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/post [-alias aliasfile] [-filter filterfile]
                      [-nofilter] [-format] [-noformat] [-msgid] [-nomsgid]
                      [-verbose] [-noverbose] [-watch] [-nowatch] [-width columns]
                      file [-help]

                 /usr/local/lib/mh/slocal [address info sender] [-addr address]
                      [-info data] [-sender sender] [-user username] [-mailbox mbox]
                      [-file file] [-maildelivery deliveryfile] [-verbose]
                      [-noverbose] [-debug] [-help]







































                                                  -165-












                                                Appendix B
                                             _\bM_\bE_\bS_\bS_\bA_\bG_\bE _\bN_\bA_\bM_\bE _\bB_\bN_\bF





                           msgs                  :=  msgspec                |
                                                     msgs msgspec

                           msgspec               :=  msg                    |
                                                     msg-range              |
                                                     msg-sequence           |
                                                     user-defined-sequence

                           msg                   :=  msg-name               |
                                                     <number>

                           msg-name              :=  "first"                |
                                                     "last"                 |
                                                     "cur"                  |
                                                     "."                    |
                                                     "next"                 |
                                                     "prev"

                           msg-range             :=  msg"-"msg              |
                                                     "all"

                           msg-sequence          :=  msg":"signed-number

                           signed-number         :=  "+"<number>            |
                                                     "-"<number>            |
                                                     <number>

                           user-defined-sequence :=  <alpha>                |
                                                     <alpha><alphanumeric>*


                 Where <number> is a decimal number greater than zero.

                 Msg-range specifies all of the messages in the given range and must  not
                 be empty.

                 Msg-sequence specifies up to <number> of messages, beginning with  "msg"
                 (in the case of first, cur, next, or <number>), or ending with "msg" (in
                 the case of prev or last).  +<number> forces "starting  with  msg",  and
                 -<number> forces "ending with number".  In all cases, "msg" must exist.

                 User-defined sequences are defined and manipulated  with  the  _\bp_\bi_\bc_\bk  and
                 _\bm_\ba_\br_\bk commands.



                                                  -166-












                                                _\bR_\bE_\bF_\bE_\bR_\bE_\bN_\bC_\bE_\bS



                 1.  Crocker, D. H., J. J. Vittal, K. T. Pogran,  and  D.  A.  Henderson,
                     Jr.,  "Standard  for  the  Format  of  ARPA  Network Text Messages,"
                     _\bR_\bF_\bC_\b7_\b3_\b3, November 1977.

                 2.  Thompson, K., and D. M. Ritchie,  "The  UNIX  Time-sharing  System,"
                     _\bC_\bo_\bm_\bm_\bu_\bn_\bi_\bc_\ba_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs _\bo_\bf _\bt_\bh_\be _\bA_\bC_\bM, Vol. 17, July 1974, pp. 365-375.

                 3.  McCauley, E. J., and P. J. Drongowski, "KSOS-The Design of a  Secure
                     Operating  System,"  _\bA_\bF_\bI_\bP_\bS _\bC_\bo_\bn_\bf_\be_\br_\be_\bn_\bc_\be _\bP_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\be_\bd_\bi_\bn_\bg_\bs, National Computer
                     Conference, Vol. 48, 1979, pp. 345-353.

                 4.  Crocker, David H., _\bF_\br_\ba_\bm_\be_\bw_\bo_\br_\bk _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bF_\bu_\bn_\bc_\bt_\bi_\bo_\bn_\bs _\bo_\bf _\bt_\bh_\be "_\bM_\bS" _\bP_\be_\br_\bs_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bM_\be_\bs_\b-
                     _\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm, The RAND Corporation, R-2134-ARPA, December 1977.

                 5.  Thompson, K., and D. M. Ritchie, _\bU_\bN_\bI_\bX _\bP_\br_\bo_\bg_\br_\ba_\bm_\bm_\be_\br'_\bs _\bM_\ba_\bn_\bu_\ba_\bl, 6th  ed.,
                     Western  Electric  Company,  May 1975 (available only to UNIX licen-
                     sees).

                 6. Crocker, D. H., "Standard for the Format of ARPA Internet  Text  Mes-
                     sages," _\bR_\bF_\bC_\b8_\b2_\b2, August 1982.





























                                                  -167-

































































                                                   -i-












                                                _\bR_\bE_\bA_\bD _\bT_\bH_\bI_\bS




                      Although the _\bM_\bH system was originally developed by  the  RAND  Cor-
                 poration,  and is now in the public domain, the RAND Corporation assumes
                 no responsibility for _\bM_\bH or this particular version of _\bM_\bH.

                      In addition, the Regents of the University of California issue  the
                 following disclaimer in regard to the UCI version of _\bM_\bH:

                      "Although each program has been tested by its contributor, no  war-
                      ranty,  express  or  implied,  is  made  by  the contributor or the
                      University of California, as to the accuracy and functioning of the
                      program and related program material, nor shall the fact of distri-
                      bution constitute any  such  warranty,  and  no  responsibility  is
                      assumed  by the contributor or the University of California in con-
                      nection herewith."

                      This version of _\bM_\bH is in the public domain, and as such, there  are
                 no  real  restrictions on its use.  The _\bM_\bH source code and documentation
                 have no licensing restrictions whatsoever.  As a courtesy,  the  authors
                 ask only that you provide appropriate credit to the RAND Corporation and
                 the University of California for having developed the software.

                      _\bM_\bH is a software package that is supported neither by the RAND Cor-
                 poration nor the University of California.  However, since we do use the
                 software ourselves and plan to continue using (and  improving)  _\bM_\bH,  bug
                 reports and their associated fixes should be reported back to us so that
                 we may include them in future releases.  The  current  computer  mailbox
                 for   _\bM_\bH   is   Bug-MH@ICS.UCI.EDU   (in   the   ARPA   Internet),   and
                 ...!ucbvax!ucivax!bug-mh (UUCP).  Presently, there are two Internet dis-
                 cussion   groups,   MH-Users@ICS.UCI.EDU   and   MH-Workers@ICS.UCI.EDU.
                 MH-Workers is for people discussing code changes to _\bM_\bH.  MH-Users is for
                 general  discussion  about  how to use _\bM_\bH.  MH-Users is bi-directionally
                 gatewayed into USENET as comp.mail.mh.

                 _\bH_\bO_\bW _\bT_\bO _\bG_\bE_\bT _\bM_\bH

                      Since you probably already have _\bM_\bH, you may not need to  read  this
                 unless  you  suspect you have an old version.  There are two ways to get
                 the latest release:

                      1.  If you can FTP to the  ARPA  Internet,  use  anonymous  FTP  to
                 ics.uci.edu  [128.195.1.1]  and  retrieve  the file pub/mh/mh-6.8.tar.Z.
                 This is a tar  image  after  being  run  through  the  compress  program
                 (approximately  1.8MB).   There  should  also  be  a README file in that
                 directory which tells what the current release of _\bM_\bH is, and how to  get
                 updates.



                                                   -i-









                                                   -ii-


                      This tar file is also available on louie.udel.edu [128.175.1.3]  in
                 portal/mh-6.8.tar.Z.   You  may  also find MH on various other hosts; to
                 make sure you get the latest version and don't waste your time re-fixing
                 bugs, it's best to get it from either ics.uci.edu or louie.udel.edu.

                      2.  You can send $75 US to the address below.  This covers the cost
                 of  a  6250  BPI  9-track magtape, handling, and shipping.  In addition,
                 you'll get a laser-printed hard-copy of the entire MH documentation set.
                 Be  sure  to  include your USPS address with your check.  Checks must be
                 drawn on U.S. funds and should be made payable to:

                           Regents of the University of California

                 The distribution address is:

                           Computing Support Group
                           Attn: MH distribution
                           Department of Information and Computer Science
                           University of California, Irvine
                           Irvine, CA  92717

                           714/856-7554

                      If you just want the hard-copies of the  documentation,  you  still
                 have  to  pay  the $75.  The tar image has the documentation source (the
                 manual is in roff format, but the rest are in TeX  format).   Postscript
                 formatted  versions  of  the TeX papers are available, as are crude tty-
                 conversions of those papers.






































                                                 _\bF_\bO_\bR_\bE_\bW_\bO_\bR_\bD




                      This document describes the RAND _\bM_\bH Message Handling  System.   Its
                 primary  purpose  is  to  serve as a user's manual.  It has been heavily
                 based on a previous version of the manual,  prepared  by  Bruce  Borden,
                 Stockton Gaines, and Norman Shapiro.

                      _\bM_\bH is a particularly novel system, and thus it is often more  prone
                 to  change  than  other  pieces  of  production software.  As such, some
                 specific points in this manual may not be correct in the future.  In all
                 cases,  the  on-line  sections  of  this  manual,  available through the
                 UNIX[1] _\bm_\ba_\bn command, should present the most current information.

                      When reading this document as a user's manual, certain sections are
                 more  interesting than others.  The Preface and Summary are not particu-
                 larly interesting to those interested in learning _\bM_\bH.  The  Introduction
                 is slightly more interesting, as it touches upon the organization of the
                 remainder of this document.  The most useful sections are the  Overview,
                 Tutorial,  and Detailed Description.  The Overview should be read by all
                 _\bM_\bH users, regardless of their expertise (beginning, novice, advanced, or
                 hacker).   The  Tutorial  should  be read by all beginning and novice _\bM_\bH
                 users, as it presents a nice description of the _\bM_\bH system.  The Detailed
                 Description  should  be  read by the day-to-day user of _\bM_\bH, as it spells
                 out all of the realities of the _\bM_\bH system.  The Advanced  Features  sec-
                 tion discusses some powerful _\bM_\bH capabilities for advanced users.  Appen-
                 dix A is particularly useful for novices, as it summarizes  the  invoca-
                 tion syntax of all the _\bM_\bH commands.

                      There are also several other documents which may be useful to  you:
                 _\bT_\bh_\be  _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD  _\bM_\bH _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bH_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm: _\bT_\bu_\bt_\bo_\br_\bi_\ba_\bl, which is a tutorial for
                 _\bM_\bH; _\bT_\bh_\be _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD _\bM_\bH _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bH_\ba_\bn_\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm: _\bT_\bh_\be _\bU_\bC_\bI _\bB_\bB_\bo_\ba_\br_\bd_\bs _\bF_\ba_\bc_\bi_\bl_\bi_\bt_\by, which
                 describes  the  BBoards handling under _\bM_\bH; _\bM_\bH._\b5: _\bH_\bo_\bw _\bt_\bo _\bp_\br_\bo_\bc_\be_\bs_\bs _\b2_\b0_\b0 _\bm_\be_\bs_\b-
                 _\bs_\ba_\bg_\be_\bs _\ba _\bd_\ba_\by _\ba_\bn_\bd _\bs_\bt_\bi_\bl_\bl _\bg_\be_\bt _\bs_\bo_\bm_\be _\br_\be_\ba_\bl _\bw_\bo_\br_\bk _\bd_\bo_\bn_\be, which  was  presented  at
                 the  1985  Summer  Usenix Conference and Exhibition in Portland, Oregon;
                 _\bM_\bH: _\bA _\bM_\bu_\bl_\bt_\bi_\bf_\ba_\br_\bi_\bo_\bu_\bs _\bU_\bs_\be_\br _\bA_\bg_\be_\bn_\bt, which has been accepted  for  publication
                 by  Computer  Networks;  _\bM_\bZ_\bn_\be_\bt: _\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl _\bS_\be_\br_\bv_\bi_\bc_\be _\bf_\bo_\br _\bP_\be_\br_\bs_\bo_\bn_\ba_\bl _\bM_\bi_\bc_\br_\bo-_\bC_\bo_\bm_\bp_\bu_\bt_\be_\br
                 _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm_\bs, which was presented at the  First  International  Symposium  on
                 Computer  Message  Systems  in  Nottingham, U.K.; and, _\bD_\be_\bs_\bi_\bg_\bn _\bo_\bf _\bt_\bh_\be _\bT_\bT_\bI
                 _\bP_\br_\bo_\bt_\bo_\bt_\by_\bp_\be _\bT_\br_\bu_\bs_\bt_\be_\bd _\bM_\ba_\bi_\bl _\bA_\bg_\be_\bn_\bt, which describes  a  proprietary  "trusted"
                 mail  system  built on _\bM_\bH.  There are also documents, mostly specific to
                 U.C. Irvine which you may find interesting: _\bM_\bH _\bf_\bo_\br _\bB_\be_\bg_\bi_\bn_\bn_\be_\br_\bs, and _\bM_\bH _\bf_\bo_\br
                 _\bM_\bM _\bU_\bs_\be_\br_\bs.  All of these documents exist in the _\bm_\bh._\b6 distribution sent to
                 your site.  There's also a document, _\bC_\bh_\ba_\bn_\bg_\be_\bs _\bt_\bo _\bt_\bh_\be _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD _\bM_\bH _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be _\bH_\ba_\bn_\b-
                 _\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg  _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm:  _\bM_\bH._\b6,  which  describes  user-visible changes made to _\bM_\bH
                 since the last major release.


                    [1] UNIX is a trademark of AT&T Bell Laboratories.


                                                  -iii-









                                                   -iv-


                      This manual is very large, as it describes a large, powerful system
                 in gruesome detail.  The important thing to remember is:


                                              _\bD_\bO_\bN'_\bT _\bP_\bA_\bN_\bI_\bC[_\b2]


                 As explained in the tutorial, you really need to know only 5 commands to
                 handle most of your mail.

                      Very advanced users may wish to consult _\bT_\bh_\be _\bR_\bA_\bN_\bD  _\bM_\bH  _\bM_\be_\bs_\bs_\ba_\bg_\be  _\bH_\ba_\bn_\b-
                 _\bd_\bl_\bi_\bn_\bg  _\bS_\by_\bs_\bt_\be_\bm:  _\bA_\bd_\bm_\bi_\bn_\bi_\bs_\bt_\br_\ba_\bt_\bo_\br'_\bs _\bG_\bu_\bi_\bd_\be, which is also present in the _\bm_\bh._\b6
                 distribution sent to your site.





































                    [2] Note the large, _\bf_\br_\bi_\be_\bn_\bd_\bl_\by letters.















                                             _\bA_\bC_\bK_\bN_\bO_\bW_\bL_\bE_\bD_\bG_\bM_\bE_\bN_\bT_\bS




                      The _\bM_\bH system described herein is based on  the  original  RAND  _\bM_\bH
                 system.   It  has  been  extensively  developed (perhaps too much so) by
                 Marshall T. Rose and John L. Romine at  the  University  of  California,
                 Irvine.  Einar A. Stefferud, Jerry N. Sweet, and Terry P. Domae provided
                 numerous suggestions to improve the UCI version of  _\bM_\bH.   Of  course,  a
                 large  number  of  people have helped _\bM_\bH along.  The list of ``_\bM_\bH immor-
                 tals'' is too long to list here.  However, Van Jacobson deserves a  spe-
                 cial  acknowledgement for his tireless work in improving the performance
                 of _\bM_\bH.  Some programs have been speeded-up by a factor of 10 or 20.  All
                 of  users  of  _\bM_\bH,  everywhere,  owe  a special thanks to Van.  For this
                 release, numerous _\bM_\bH-_\bW_\bo_\br_\bk_\be_\br_\bs sent in fixes and other changes.  A handful
                 of  courageous  _\bM_\bH-_\bW_\bo_\br_\bk_\be_\br_\bs volunteered to beta-test these changes; their
                 help is particularly appreciated.

                      This manual is based on the original _\bM_\bH manual written at  RAND  by
                 Bruce Borden, Stockton Gaines, and Norman Shapiro.
































                                                   -v-












                                                 _\bP_\bR_\bE_\bF_\bA_\bC_\bE




                      This report describes a system for dealing with messages  transmit-
                 ted  on  a  computer.  Such messages might originate with other users of
                 the same computer or might come from an outside source through a network
                 to  which the user's computer is connected.  Such computer-based message
                 systems are becoming increasingly widely used, both within  and  outside
                 the Department of Defense.

                      The message handling system _\bM_\bH was developed for two reasons.   One
                 was  to  investigate some research ideas concerning how a message system
                 might take advantage  of  the  architecture  of  the  UNIX  time-sharing
                 operating  system  for Digital Equipment Corporation PDP-11 and VAX com-
                 puters, and the special features of UNIX's command-level interface  with
                 the  user  (the  "shell").  The other reason was to provide a better and
                 more adaptable base than that of conventional designs on which to  build
                 a  command and control message system.  The effort has succeeded in both
                 regards, although this report mainly describes the message system itself
                 and how it fits in with UNIX.

                      The present report  should  be  of  interest  to  three  groups  of
                 readers.   First, it is a complete reference manual for the users of _\bM_\bH.
                 Second, it should be of interest to those who have a  general  knowledge
                 of  computer-based message systems, both in civilian and military appli-
                 cations.  Finally, it should be of interest to  those  who  build  large
                 subsystems  that  interface  with  users,  since  it  illustrates  a new
                 approach to such interfaces.

                      The original _\bM_\bH system was developed  by  Bruce  Borden,  using  an
                 approach  suggested  by  Stockton  Gaines  and Norman Shapiro.  Valuable
                 assistance was provided by Phyllis Kantar in the  later  stages  of  the
                 system's  implementation.   Several  colleagues contributed to the ideas
                 included in this system, particularly Robert Anderson and David Crocker.
                 In  addition,  valuable  experience  in  message systems, and a valuable
                 source of ideas, was available to us in the form of a  previous  message
                 system for UNIX called MS, designed at RAND by David Crocker.

                      This report was originally prepared as part  of  the  RAND  project
                 entitled "Data Automation Research", sponsored by Project AIR FORCE.











                                                   -vi-












                                                 _\bS_\bU_\bM_\bM_\bA_\bR_\bY




                      Electronic communication of text messages is becoming  commonplace.
                 Computer-based  message systems-software packages that provide tools for
                 dealing with messages-are used in many contexts.  In particular, message
                 systems  are  becoming increasingly important in command and control and
                 intelligence applications.

                      This report describes a message handling system  called  _\bM_\bH.   This
                 system  provides  the  user with tools to compose, send, receive, store,
                 retrieve, forward, and reply to messages.  _\bM_\bH has been built on the UNIX
                 time-sharing  system,  a  popular operating system developed for the DEC
                 PDP-11 and VAX classes of computers.

                      A complete description of _\bM_\bH is given for users of the system.  For
                 those who do not intend to use the system, this description gives a gen-
                 eral idea of what a message system is like.  The  system  involves  some
                 new ideas about how large subsystems can be constructed.

                      The interesting and unusual features of _\bM_\bH include  the  following:
                 The  user command interface to _\bM_\bH is the UNIX "shell" (the standard UNIX
                 command interpreter).  Each separable  component  of  message  handling,
                 such  as  message composition or message display, is a separate command.
                 Each program is driven from and  updates  a  private  user  environment,
                 which  is  stored  as  a file between program invocations.  This private
                 environment also contains information  to  "custom  tailor"  _\bM_\bH  to  the
                 individual's  tastes.   _\bM_\bH  stores each message as a separate file under
                 UNIX, and it utilizes the tree-structured UNIX file system  to  organize
                 groups  of  files  within separate directories or "folders".  All of the
                 UNIX facilities for dealing with files and directories, such  as  renam-
                 ing,  copying, deleting, cataloging, off-line printing, etc., are appli-
                 cable to messages and directories of messages (folders).   Thus,  impor-
                 tant capabilities needed in a message system are available in _\bM_\bH without
                 the need (often seen in other message systems) for code that  duplicates
                 the facilities of the supporting operating system.  It also allows users
                 familiar with the shell to use _\bM_\bH with minimal effort.














                                                  -vii-












                                                 _\bC_\bO_\bN_\bT_\bE_\bN_\bT_\bS




                 READ THIS .........................................................    i

                 FOREWORD ..........................................................  iii

                 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................    v

                 PREFACE ...........................................................   vi

                 SUMMARY ...........................................................  vii

                 Section

                    1.  INTRODUCTION ...............................................    1

                    2.  OVERVIEW ...................................................    4

                    3.  TUTORIAL ...................................................    7

                    4.  DETAILED DESCRIPTION .......................................   10
                      THE USER PROFILE .............................................   10
                      MESSAGE NAMING ...............................................   13
                      OTHER MH CONVENTIONS .........................................   14
                      MH COMMANDS ..................................................   16
                         ALI .......................................................   17
                         ANNO ......................................................   19
                         BBC .......................................................   21
                         BBOARDS ...................................................   24
                         BURST .....................................................   26
                         COMP ......................................................   28
                         DIST ......................................................   30
                         FOLDER ....................................................   33
                         FORW ......................................................   37
                         INC .......................................................   41
                         MARK ......................................................   44
                         MHL .......................................................   46
                         MHMAIL ....................................................   51
                         MHOOK .....................................................   53
                         MHPARAM ...................................................   55
                         MHPATH ....................................................   57
                         MSGCHK ....................................................   60
                         MSH .......................................................   61
                         NEXT ......................................................   65
                         PACKF .....................................................   66
                         PICK ......................................................   67
                         PREV ......................................................   72
                         PROMPTER ..................................................   73
                         RCVSTORE ..................................................   76














                         REFILE ....................................................   78
                         REPL ......................................................   80
                         RMF .......................................................   84
                         RMM .......................................................   86
                         SCAN ......................................................   88
                         SEND ......................................................   91
                         SHOW ......................................................   94
                         SLOCAL ....................................................   97
                         SORTM .....................................................  102
                         VMH .......................................................  104
                         WHATNOW ...................................................  106
                         WHOM ......................................................  108
                      MORE DETAILS .................................................  110
                         MH-ALIAS ..................................................  111
                         MH-FORMAT .................................................  115
                         MH-MAIL ...................................................  124
                         MH-PROFILE ................................................  128
                         MH-SEQUENCE ...............................................  136
                         AP ........................................................  140
                         CONFLICT ..................................................  142
                         DP ........................................................  144
                         FMTDUMP ...................................................  146
                         INSTALL-MH ................................................  147
                         POST ......................................................  148

                    5.  REPORTING PROBLEMS .........................................  150

                    6.  ADVANCED FEATURES ..........................................  151
                      USER-DEFINED SEQUENCES .......................................  151
                         Pick and User-Defined Sequences ...........................  151
                         Mark and User-Defined Sequences ...........................  153
                         Public and Private User-Defined Sequences .................  153
                         Sequence Negation .........................................  153
                         The Previous Sequence .....................................  154
                         The Unseen Sequence .......................................  154
                      COMPOSITION OF MAIL ..........................................  155
                         The Draft Folder ..........................................  155
                         What Happens if the Draft Exists ..........................  157
                         The Push Option at What now? Level ........................  157
                         Options at What now? Level ................................  158
                         Digests ...................................................  159
                      FOLDER HANDLING ..............................................  160
                         Relative Folder Addressing ................................  160
                         The Folder-Stack ..........................................  161

                 Appendix
                    A.  Command Summary ............................................  162
                    B.  Message Name BNF ...........................................  166

                 REFERENCES ........................................................  167




























                                         THE RAND MH


                                      MESSAGE HANDLING


                                           SYSTEM:


                                        USER'S MANUAL






                                         UCI Version





                                      Marshall T. Rose

                                       John L. Romine




                               Based on the original manual by

                                 Borden, Gaines, and Shapiro







                                      November 30, 1993















                                        6.8.3 #1[UCI]